Impacto da oxidação anódica na adesão de microrganismos e células sanguíneas: uma análise comparativa de tratamentos de superfície de implantes dentários

Abstract

In dental implant osseointegration, the adhesion of blood cells marks the beginning of the healing process, whereas the adhesion of microorganisms may indicate potential development of peri-implant diseases. The type of surface treatment applied plays a crucial role in these dynamics. In this study, we investigated titanium implants: machined untreated surfaces, surfaces subjected to double acid etching, double acid etching with hydroxyapatite layer (HANano), and anodic oxidation. We compared their ability to adhere microorganisms and blood cells. Anodic oxidation was conducted in collaboration with the physics department at UEPG. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion evaluation, biofilm formation analyses and spectrophotometry were performed. Regarding blood cell adhesion, procedures included adhesion steps and analysis by scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test indicated no significant difference among groups regarding microorganism adhesion. However, a significant difference was observed in blood cell adhesion for the anodic oxidation group (p=0.04). We conclude that there is no statistically significant difference among groups in microorganism adhesion, but there is a significant difference in blood cell adhesion. Future studies should further explore and understand these complex interactions to advance the development of safer, more effective, and sustainable materials. Designing implants with surfaces that promote osseointegration and inhibit bacterial adhesion and growth is of paramount importance.