Usos e manejos da paisagem faxinalense: a etnoconservação em duas comunidades rurais tradicionais do Paraná

Abstract

The agricultural landscapes in the territory of the Southeast of the Parana Region are dynamized by a heterogeneity of uses and occupations of the soil. Local subjects, farmers establish links of understanding as to the productive ability of these lands, by recognizing and classifying them as better and worse for proper uses. These local knowledge are transmitted orally from generation to generation, which are approached by ethnopedology. Ethnopedology is not characterized as a discipline, but with a set of technical and scientific knowledge that the farmer uses to classify and manage the qualities of his lands. In the case of the faxinals in the state of Paraná, the agricultural landscapes of these traditional communities bear the marks of this knowledge historically rooted in the territory. The assessment of soil quality based on ethnopedological indicators in faxinais allows us to understand which attributes the farmer uses to differentiate soils of low, medium and high productive quality, which is a knowledge conceived as a function of productive experiences with the landscapes geobiodiversity. Proposing maps of land quality classification, taking into consideration the socio-ecological heritage of these traditional communities, presents itself as a challenge when it converges with the differences between the vernacular and scientific systems of soil classification. The main methodology used in this research was the participatory diagnosis with the local subjects, through semi-structured questionnaires, obtained the elements for making the main products of this thesis. The results point to three vernacular classes for the two faxinals studied, good quality white land and black land, and low quality dry land for local crops. The land use capacity map, proposed for both communities, points out that more than 33% of the area is not suitable for agriculture and should be used for permanent crops or for preserving flora and fauna in class VIII. On the other hand, in the land use conflict map, it was evident that 95% of the area of the two faxinals is inadequate use for productive aptitude. From the interface of the research results in the territory of the faxinals, Lageado de Baixo - PR and Lageado dos Mello - PR, was discussed the ethnoconservation in faxinalense territory, resilience and future perspectives regarding the conservation of biodiversity and the sociocultural aspects of these traditional communities were discussed.