Desenvolvimento, caracterização e avaliação das atividades biológicas de nanopartículas de prata e de ouro, obtidas por síntese verde, a partir do extrato aquoso das sementes de Pterodon emarginatus Vogel (Fabaceae) associadas à gentamicina e ao ácido hialurônico

Abstract

Metallic nanoparticles synthesis by biological systems is known as green synthesis or biosynthesis, being characterized by the development of biocompatible and environmentally safe nanoparticles. The objective of the present work was to develop, characterize and evaluate the antioxidant, hemolytic, bactericidal, and cytotoxic activities of silver and gold nanoparticles, obtained from aqueous extract of the seeds of Pterodon emarginatus Vogel (Fabaceae) associated with gentamicin and hyaluronic acid. Seeds aqueous extract showed in phytochemical screening and mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization the presence of tannins, flavonoids, cardiotonic heterosides. It also was efficient in the green synthesis of AgNPs-PE and AuNPs-PE. Obtained nanoparticles were characterized by spectroscopic and morphological methods such as UV-Visible, determination of the hydrodynamic diameter (HD), zeta potential (ZP) and polydispersity index (PDI), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. All metal nanoparticles containing silver or gold were successfully obtained and presented spherical shape, average size and uniform characteristics, in addition to excellent stability within 30 days periods. Both AgNPs-PE and their associations and AuNPs-PE and their associations showed excellent antioxidant activity compared to the standard of ascorbic acid, and did not show erythrocyte cytotoxicity. Toxicity to Artemia salina was dose-dependent for AgNPs-PE and associations only at high concentrations, for AuNPs-PE and associations there was no toxicity even at high concentrations. In the evaluation of bactericidal activity, AgNPs-PE and their associations were effective against E. faecalis, E. coli, E. coli gentamicin resistant, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans; AuNPs-PE and associations did not show bactericidal activity. Cell viability of AgNPs-PE and associations, AuNPs-PE and associations, and the extract was carried out with the 3T3 fibroblast lines and A549 cells by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide reduction method (MTT). None of them showed toxicity for both strains at the concentrations used as standard in the other biological activities tests. Based on this works’ results, it can be suggested that AgNPs-PE and AuNPs-PE and their gentamicin and hyaluronic acid associations hold potential for pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications.