Ensino de história e a inclusão do estudante com transtorno do espectro autista
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Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa
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Esta dissertação tem como tema a inclusão de estudantes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) no ensino de História, com foco nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental e na elaboração de uma proposta pedagógica destinada ao 6º ano. A pesquisa parte do seguinte problema: quais desafios os professores de História enfrentam para garantir a participação e a aprendizagem de estudantes com TEA e que estratégias podem contribuir para a construção de práticas pedagógicas mais acessíveis, sem reduzir a complexidade do conhecimento histórico? O objetivo geral consiste em analisar as percepções e experiências de professores de História da educação básica acerca da inclusão de estudantes com TEA, subsidiando a elaboração de um guia de atividades inclusivas. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, aplicada, bibliográfica, documental, exploratória, analítica e propositiva, articulada aos pressupostos da pesquisa-ação. Foram utilizados documentos legais, referenciais teóricos sobre Transtorno do Espectro Autista, educação inclusiva, acessibilidade pedagógica e ensino de História, além de dados obtidos por meio de questionário aplicado a 49 professores da educação básica. Também foram recebidos cinco materiais pedagógicos enviados voluntariamente por participantes, analisados como fontes documentais complementares quanto aos conteúdos históricos, aos recursos utilizados, à organização visual, à clareza dos comandos, à mediação docente, à flexibilização e às formas de avaliação. A análise evidenciou tentativas de utilização de recursos visuais e de adaptação das propostas, mas também limites na sistematização das práticas, na diversificação das formas de participação e na articulação entre acessibilidade e preservação da complexidade do conhecimento histórico. Os resultados do questionário evidenciaram dificuldades relacionadas à formação específica, à escassez de materiais acessíveis, à ausência de planejamento colaborativo, ao número elevado de estudantes por turma, à reduzida carga horária da disciplina e à insuficiente articulação entre professor regente, Atendimento Educacional Especializado, Sala de Recursos Multifuncionais e equipe pedagógica. A baixa adesão ao envio dos materiais também sugere que as práticas inclusivas ainda são pouco sistematizadas e compartilhadas no cotidiano escolar. Os dados revelaram que a efetivação da inclusão não pode depender exclusivamente de iniciativas individuais dos professores, sendo responsabilidade do poder público assegurar formação continuada, materiais pedagógicos, condições de planejamento, apoio especializado e avaliações acessíveis. Como produto educacional, foi elaborado um Guia de Atividades Inclusivas para o Ensino de História, destinado a professores do 6º ano, com propostas que articulam recursos visuais, comandos objetivos, atividades sequenciadas, mediação docente e diferentes formas de participação, preservando o rigor e a especificidade do conhecimento histórico.
This dissertation addresses the inclusion of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in History teaching, focusing on the final years of Elementary Education and on the development of a pedagogical proposal for the 6th grade. The research is guided by the following question: What challenges do History teachers face in ensuring the participation and learning of students with ASD, and what strategies can contribute to the development of more accessible pedagogical practices without reducing the complexity of historical knowledge? The general objective is to analyze the perceptions and experiences of Basic Education History teachers regarding the inclusion of students with ASD, supporting the development of an inclusive activities guide. Methodologically, this is a qualitative, applied, bibliographical, documentary, exploratory, analytical, and propositional study, grounded in the principles of action research. Legal documents and theoretical references on Autism Spectrum Disorder, inclusive education, pedagogical accessibility, and History teaching were analyzed, together with data obtained through a questionnaire administered to 49 Basic Education teachers. Five pedagogical materials voluntarily submitted by participants were also received and analyzed as complementary documentary sources, considering their historical content, resources, visual organization, clarity of instructions, teacher mediation, curriculum flexibility, and assessment methods. The analysis revealed attempts to use visual resources and adapt activities, but also limitations in the systematization of practices, the diversification of forms of participation, and the articulation between accessibility and the preservation of the complexity of historical knowledge. The questionnaire results indicated difficulties related to specific training, the scarcity of accessible materials, the absence of collaborative planning, the high number of students per class, the limited number of History classes, and insufficient coordination among the classroom teacher, Specialized Educational Support, Multifunctional Resource Room, and pedagogical team. The low participation in submitting materials also suggests that inclusive practices remain insufficiently systematized and shared in everyday school life. The findings demonstrate that the implementation of inclusion cannot depend exclusively on individual teacher initiatives. It is the responsibility of public authorities to ensure continuing education, pedagogical materials, planning conditions, specialized support, and accessible assessments. As an educational product, an Inclusive Activities Guide for History Teaching was developed for 6th-grade teachers. The guide includes proposals that combine visual resources, objective instructions, sequenced activities, teacher mediation, and different forms of participation while preserving the rigor and specificity of historical knowledge.
This dissertation addresses the inclusion of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in History teaching, focusing on the final years of Elementary Education and on the development of a pedagogical proposal for the 6th grade. The research is guided by the following question: What challenges do History teachers face in ensuring the participation and learning of students with ASD, and what strategies can contribute to the development of more accessible pedagogical practices without reducing the complexity of historical knowledge? The general objective is to analyze the perceptions and experiences of Basic Education History teachers regarding the inclusion of students with ASD, supporting the development of an inclusive activities guide. Methodologically, this is a qualitative, applied, bibliographical, documentary, exploratory, analytical, and propositional study, grounded in the principles of action research. Legal documents and theoretical references on Autism Spectrum Disorder, inclusive education, pedagogical accessibility, and History teaching were analyzed, together with data obtained through a questionnaire administered to 49 Basic Education teachers. Five pedagogical materials voluntarily submitted by participants were also received and analyzed as complementary documentary sources, considering their historical content, resources, visual organization, clarity of instructions, teacher mediation, curriculum flexibility, and assessment methods. The analysis revealed attempts to use visual resources and adapt activities, but also limitations in the systematization of practices, the diversification of forms of participation, and the articulation between accessibility and the preservation of the complexity of historical knowledge. The questionnaire results indicated difficulties related to specific training, the scarcity of accessible materials, the absence of collaborative planning, the high number of students per class, the limited number of History classes, and insufficient coordination among the classroom teacher, Specialized Educational Support, Multifunctional Resource Room, and pedagogical team. The low participation in submitting materials also suggests that inclusive practices remain insufficiently systematized and shared in everyday school life. The findings demonstrate that the implementation of inclusion cannot depend exclusively on individual teacher initiatives. It is the responsibility of public authorities to ensure continuing education, pedagogical materials, planning conditions, specialized support, and accessible assessments. As an educational product, an Inclusive Activities Guide for History Teaching was developed for 6th-grade teachers. The guide includes proposals that combine visual resources, objective instructions, sequenced activities, teacher mediation, and different forms of participation while preserving the rigor and specificity of historical knowledge.
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BASSANI, Nicole Cristine da Silva. Ensino de história e a inclusão do estudante com transtorno do espectro autista. 2026. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de História) – Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, 2026.
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