A Dispersão da Covid-19 no Município de Ponta Grossa: uma análise relacional de habitabilidade e risco à saúde

Abstract

COVID-19 has affected the entire population, but in an unequal way due to housing conditions, which are a relevant factor in the spread of diseases. In addition, the social determinants of health and social inequalities are also factors that influence the health/disease process. The city is the locus of this dispersion, which consequently also affects the countryside. This research was carried out on the dispersion of covid-19 in the municipality of Ponta Grossa, against the backdrop of the urban zoning established by Law No. 6.329 of 1999. The objective was to identify the characteristics of the dispersion of COVID-19 in the municipality of Ponta Grossa-PR from March 2020 to March 2022, with an emphasis on the social determinants of health and housing situation. The aim was to compare the dispersion/confrontation in different residential areas. The time frame was defined due to the availability of georeferenced data on the dispersion of covid-19 by residential zoning. The research is quantitative and qualitative in nature, so that in order to achieve the objective, a bibliographic review and documentary research were used as methodologies. To collect the data, a semi-structured questionnaire was drawn up, with open and closed questions, based on the Dahlgren and Whitehead model of social determinants of health and the Urban Well-Being Index, comprising elements related to health and habitability, and applied in Residential Zone 2 in the Jardim Carvalho, Olarias, Ronda and Uvaranas neighborhoods and in the subnormal settlements in certain locations in the Chapada neighborhood, with sampling defined using the snowball method. The data was organized in graphs and tables and the open questions were analyzed using content analysis. The results showed that the dispersion of covid-19 in the ZR2 and in the subnormal agglomerations showed similarities, represented by the need for hospitalization, access to the UBS, garbage collection, among others, and divergences such as the number of residents with chronic diseases, the number of rooms per home, social isolation, water and energy supply by the official network, among other discrepancies. Self-prejudice was inferred among those living in subnormal settlements due to the transmission of the disease and their housing conditions. In short, Covid-19 has manifested itself as a syndemic that affects not only the biological but also the social. To this end, policies to deal with it must be intersectoral, addressing not only health actions but also urban planning, which is a challenge for cities.