Avaliação histológica e imuno-histoquímica do complexo dentino-pulpar em modelo de recessão gengival com diferentes formulações de biovidros nanoparticulados para a obliteração de túbulos dentinários – estudo em ratos

Abstract

Cervical dentin hypersensitivity (CDH) occurs due to dentin exposure of the teeth’s cervical region by factors such as loss in enamel or dentin minerals, or gingival recession. Dentin tubules exposure, according to the hydrodynamic theory, facilitates the transmission of stimuli from the dentin surface to the pulp. Bioactive glasses are biomaterials that were initially developed for bone repair and regeneration, but they could also be used for CDH treatment. There is no understanding about pulp conditions when dentin is exposed, neither about the efficacy of biomaterials used to CDH treatment. It was proposed an in vivo model of cervical dentin exposure in rats. This in vivo model demonstrates the pulp neuroinflammatory process and tests the efficacy of Biosilicate® and of two others experimental formulations of bioglasses in dentinal tubules obliteration. Thus, 29 male Wistar rats were submitted to exposure of the dentinal tubules, through gingival recession surgery. A temporary device was installed to keep the dentinal tubules exposure. Then, the treatments were applied over the exposed dentin surface of the upper left first molars every 4 days during a 28 days period, with the total of 7 applications. The treatments were applied according to the study groups: Naive (N) – no recession and no treatment; Sham (S) – recession but no treatment; Cavity varnish (V) – gingival recession and treatment with varnish; Biosilicate® (BV-BS) – gingival recession and treatment with Biosilicate®; Strontium bioglass (BV-Sr) – gingival recession and treatment with strontium bioglass; Potassium bioglass (BV-K) – gingival recession and treatment with potassium bioglass. The dentin-pulp complex changes and investigation of substance P (SP) were evaluated through hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical (IHC) stainings after histological processing and paraffin sectioning of the left and right hemi-maxilae. The results showed that there were no significant differences (p>0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test) among the groups considering the conditions of the dentin-pulp complex. No differences were observed in immunostaining for SP. It was concluded that teeth with cervical root exposition and opened tubules in rats do not have changes in the dentinpulp complex or in the pattern of immunotracing for SP. Experimental bioactive glasses are not capable of causing damage to the dental pulp under the conditions in which it was applied. Nevertheless, new animal model studies could be conducted using others histological and immunohistochemical parameters in order to understand the mecanisms of the CDH.