Produtos bióticos e abióticos no controle de mofo branco na canola e mancha angular no feijão

Abstract

The main objective of this work was to evaluate the control of white mold in the culture of canola and angular spot in the common bean crop using biotic and abiotic products. The experiments were conducted in laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions. The field trials for common bean cultivation were conducted in the 2015/2016 season at Capão da Onça farm, and the canola crop was conducted in 2016 at two locations, Fazenda Capão da Onça (UEPG) and Fazenda Limeira, District of Guaragi. In the laboratory were evaluated IVCM (growth rate index), leaf test and seed pathology for the two cultures. In greenhouse the control of the angular spot by the method of spraying of spores was evaluated, and the white mold, was evaluated through the method of the stick, besides the enzymatic analysis. In vitro, 100% inhibition of mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum was observed in B. subtillis (autoclaved and non-autoclaved), Wert Plus®, at 1000 ppm concentration, and 100 and 1000 ppm procymidone. The procymidone and B. subtillis treatments inhibited 100% growth of the fungus on the direct and left side of the leaf. In the greenhouse, treatments with lower values of severity, represented by the area below the disease progress curve (AUDPC) were: procymidone, copper phosphite, B. thuringiensis, B. subtillis, manganese phosphite, potassium phosphite, High Roots® and V6®. The highest activity of the peroxidase enzymes was observed in plants treated with acibenzolar-S-methyl, copper phosphite and fungicide 48 hours after inoculation of the fungus. In field experiments in the Guaragi district experimental area, the lowest values of severity were obtained in the plots with copper phosphite and acinezolar-S-methyl already in the experimental area of the UEPG, the treatments with less severity were fungicide procymidone, B. thuringensis, B. subtillis, T. asperellum, A. nodosum, manganese phosphite and V6®. Seeds harvested in the experimental area of Guaragi, showed incidence of Gonatobotrys sp., Alternatia alternata, Gliocladium sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp. and Trichoderma sp. Seeds from the experimental area of the UEPG showed an incidence of A. alternata, Cladosporium sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp. For the bean culture, the in vitro result showed that B. subtillis inhibited the mycelial growth of P. griseola. In the evaluation in leaf, only B. thuringiensis showed statistical difference between the applied sides, being the right side with less severity. In greenhouse were observed in the leaf cotyledonar and in the 1st trefoil greater severity of the disease; In the cotyledon leaf smaller severity was observed in the plants treated with fungicide, A. nodosun, T. asperellum and copper phosphite. In the field, in the first evaluation period, the treatments with better control of the disease were the fungicide, A. nodosum, B. thuringiensis and V6® fertilizer. In the second season there was no statistical difference between treatments for yield, but the highest average was obtained with fungicide application. Seeds harvested in the first sowing season showed incidence of Fusarium sp, Colletotrichum truncatum and Phomopsis sp. In the second sowing season, the presence of Alternaria alternata and the absence of C. truncatum differed from the first one.