A recepção jornalística de pessoas com deficiência intelectual: um estudo sobre os usos e significações que fazem em seus cotidianos

Abstract

The present reception study is interested to understand the social uses that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) do of journalistic content in their daily relationships, bringing to attention their consumption habits, appropriation and accessibility for a public that has specificities and special needs. For this discussion, two key concepts are interwoven to recognize individuals with IDs as communicating subjects: communicative citizenship (MATA, 2006) and communicative accessibility (BONITO, 2015). Thus, a reading of journalism is developed as a form of knowledge, capable of making events take shape in people's consciousness; and the human right to communication (GUARESCHI, 2013) is seen as a guarantee for the exercise of the set of social rights. Furthermore, the theoretical-methodological conception that supports the dissertation - thinking journalism in its interface with Cultural Studies (MARTÍN-BARBERO, 2003) - recognizes culture as a fundamental manifestation to perceive the senses and meanings that the researched subjects make of journalism. Therefore, through methodological triangulation, mobilizing techniques that value and explore the orality of the subjects surveyed, the development of exploratory research was articulated with the intention of understanding the presence of journalism in the daily lives of IDPs; through interviews, the subjects' media history was traced; after that, with the members of the research corpus, a news sharing group was created through WhatsApp to materialize the members' journalistic consumption; and, exploring the potential of the focus group, a meeting was held remotely to stimulate the interaction between the participants, as well as to observe how they mobilized their arguments. The research corpus was constituted with residents of the Metropolitan Region of Maringá (PR). As a result, characteristics about the journalistic reception of people with intellectual disabilities are systematized: the presence of proximity journalism in consumption; sensationalism as a mark of the newscasts consumed; the mobilization of consumption according to the scheduled agendas; the use of journalism in the concreteness of daily life; and perceptions and experiences shaped by what is seen.