Desfechos e Complicações de Pacientes submetidos à cirurgia por trauma ortopédico em um Hospital Universitário Público

Abstract

Trauma is an injury to health, defined as a harmful event characterized by structural alterations or physiological imbalance in the body. In this context, orthopedic surgeries stand out, given the constant increase in trauma related to the growing speed of locomotion. Therefore, the research is based on the guiding question: "What were the outcomes and possible complications of patients with orthopedic trauma in a Public University Hospital?". The objectives of the study were: to assess the outcomes of orthopedic trauma patients; to compare the outcome of hospitalization according to the variables age, gender, reason for trauma, comorbidities, subspecialty, classification, type of anesthesia, category, time of surgery, use of orthoses and prostheses, prophylaxis, microorganisms, groups, length of stay and death; and to identify the complications seen in orthopedic patients. The study is characterized by a quantitative, longitudinal, exploratory approach with a retrospective period. Patients were included if they had been hospitalized between September 1, 2021 and February 28, 2022, if they had been admitted to the orthopedic clinic, if they had suffered trauma and if they had undergone surgical procedures. For the statistical analysis, a descriptive analysis of the data was carried out, estimating the mean, median, standard deviation, 25% and 75% percentile of the quantitative variables and simple and relative frequencies of the qualitative variables. The logistic regression model was used to analyze and understand relationships between dependent and independent variables when the dependent variable is binary, i.e. has only two possible outcomes, and presents results in terms of probabilities and statistical significance. In addition, risks relative were calculated, which is the ratio between the chances of the outcome occurring in the factors assessed. The results showed that 21.71% of the patients were aged between 50-64, (59.8%) were male, and the most frequent comorbidity was hypertension (27.05%), where these individuals with associated comorbidities were 1.9 times more likely to have complications and 3.9 times more likely to die. The most frequent complication was surgical wound secretion (11.74%) and the presence of the microorganism Acinetobacter Baumannii showed that the chance of dying was 25 times higher. The 65-79 age group and the 80+ age group were, respectively, 3.73 and 5.54 times more likely to have complications, the 80+ age group was 16.47 times more likely to have complications and 15.7 times more likely to die. It is believed that this study can contribute information aimed at reducing complications and helping patients recover.