Saúde bucal como fator determinante de infecção hospitalar e mortalidade em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias cardíacas eletivas

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases have high prevalence and mortality. Cardiac surgeries are complex interventions and are among the treatments for cardiovascular diseases. Patients undergoing these surgical procedures are at risk of significant postoperative infections. The oral cavity can be an important reservoir of bacteria that can cause various types of infection, including systemic infections. However, the patients' intra-oral health status is not a preoperative concern in most services. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship of oral disease with the risk of developing hospital pneumonia, mediastinitis, endocarditis, surgical site infection and hospital death in patients submitted to elective cardiac surgeries. It was an observational, prospective study, conducted from January to December 2018. The study was performed with 46 patients candidates for elective cardiac surgery. The type of heart disease, the type of surgery, associated comorbidities, age, NYHA classification, BMI, days of ICU stay, oral health assessment by a dentist, infection and hospital death were evaluated. By the number of individuals evaluated, there was no statistically significant difference of the variables studied with the occurrence of hospital infection or death. Therefore, in the present sample, there was no statistical difference in the occurrence of nosocomial pneumonia, mediastinitis, endocarditis, surgical site infection and hospital death according to the patients' oral health status.