Caracterização fisico-quimica, fungica e micotoxicologica de milho crioulo cultivado na região dos Campos Gerais do Paraná

Abstract

This work had for objectives to characterize creole varieties of maize in the South region of Brazil, verifying the possible relations between the presented characteristics. For that were used twenty creole varieties cultivated in the Farm School of the University of Ponta Grossa in the year of 2007. The samples had been characterized through physical and chemical analyses, as well was verified contamination for fungus through the blotter method test and the mycotoxins through the methods of ELISA and HPLC. Beyond the samples in grain flour samples had been also analyzed flour of biju maize and the by-products of its improvement through analyses physicist-chemistries and of contamination for mycotoxins. It was verified that 60% of the samples of grains analyzed through method ELISA were contaminated by total aflatoxins, total levels 1,0 to 2,6 ppb, for the HPLC method had not been found total aflatoxin levels detectable. It was verified despite 65% of the samples of grains met contaminated by zearalenone in levels that varied between 64 and 640 ppb and 66,9 and 759,3 ppb, for the methodologies of HPLC and ELISA, respectively. Of the 20 samples of analyzed grains of maize, twelve had revealed positive for zearalenone by the method ELISA and thirteen for the method of HPLC and four had revealed negative for the two used methods, being necessary the confirmation of the results gotten for the method of ELISA through the HPLC method. Of the analyzed varieties it was verified that 60% possess predominantly supreme of hard texture and 40% of predominantly intermediate texture endosperm in the grain, minor its density and force of rupture and greater its size. It can be perceived despite supreme heavier they possess a smaller diameter and that grains with high texts of lipids and proteins they have trend to a bigger density and greater rupture force. Also eight fungi sorts had been isolated, being of bigger Penicillium incidence sp and Fusarium sp. It was verified despite the Creole varieties with a bigger soft ratio of endosperm had presented a bigger contamination for Fusarium sp. All maize the analyzed flour samples biju and the residues of its improvement had presented contamination for total aflatoxins and zearalenone the biggest contaminations had been verified in pericarp and the minors in the maize flour biju. Can be concluded that for the samples in study was not detected the relation among the contamination by mycotoxins, and the physical, chemical characteristics and fungus contamination.