o gênero Paepalanthus Mart. nom. cons. (Eriocaulaceae) nos campos naturais do Paraná: diversidade, aspectos taxonômicos e conservação

Abstract

The Family Eriocaulaceae is represented by 10 genera and about 1400 species with pant tropical distribution. Paepalanthus occurs in South America, Central America and few species are found in Africa. It has 348 mentioned for Brazil, 333 endemic, distributed in all Biomes. In the current systematics, Paepalanthus is divided into 22 infragenerica taxa, all based on floral characters. Previous studies have revealed 24 species, distributed in 6 genera of Eriocaulaceae to Paraná. Paepalanthus is the best represented with 8 species, differentiated from the others by presenting male flowers, bitecasanthers and dorsifixas, and female dialipétal flowers and floral bracts always presente, found mainly in the native Grasslands. Also called the Estepe- Gramíneo Lenhosa, the Grasslands occupy 8,4% of the state vegetation and are considered relictos of a time when the climate was drier. This research aimed to know the diversity of the genus Paepalanthus in Grassands of Paraná, emphasizing the aspects morphological and taxonomic data for the identification and conservation of species. Botanical expeditions were carried out for collection of flowered and or fruity material under IAP environmental license 308/11, in the period March/2018-Ferbruary/2020. The exsicatas were deposited in HUPG herbarium. Eight species were raised: P. bellus Moldenke microendemic, found in the fileds of Guarapuava, P. tessmannii Moldenke takes place in Santa Catarina and Paraná, P. albovagintaus Silveira, P. planifolius (Bong.) Köern., P. paulensis Ruhland, P. caldensis Malme with distribution in the South regions and Southeast, P. catharinae Ruhland in the Southern region and P. bryoides (Bong.) Kunt. Species often occur in moist, dry and swampy fields. Three species are Endangered, two Vulnerable and the others categorized Least Concern.