DESENVOLVIMENTO E AVALIAÇÃO DE DENTIFRÍCIOS DESSENSIBILIZANTES CONTENDO NANOPARTÍCULAS DE HIDROXIAPATITA

Abstract

Desensitizing toothpastes that occlude dentinal tubules were shown to be effective in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a desensitizing toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. The in vitro study was performed in three steps: synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, formulation and characterization of toothpastes and assessing the potential for occlusion of dentinal tubules. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were obtained by wet chemical synthesis at 37 º C, and from that it was developed the WCS nanoparticle hydroxyapatite and hydrothermal synthesis at 180 ° C (HS). The characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microanalysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy in the infrared Fourier transform and micro-Raman, thermal analysis, and assessment of cytotoxicity. Four experimental toothpastes were formulated and compared to two commercially available ones. We carried out the characterization and quality control of these toothpastes by evaluating pH, consistency, density, analysis of loss on drying and incineration by SEM and EDS. The evaluation of the potential occlusion of dentinal tubules was performed using samples obtained from bovine teeth that were prepared to present exposure of the root dentin. 84 samples were used and divided according to the type of dentifrice used: Groups with negative control toothpaste without abrasive (DCNS), negative control toothpaste with abrasive (DCNC), experimental WCS (DEW), experimental HS (DEH), commercial toothpaste Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief™ (DCPA) and Sensodyne Fast Relief ™ toothpaste (DSRA). All samples were their own controls since the tests were performed before and after simulated toothbrushing. Tests of surface roughness, dentin permeability, X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy were performed. Characterization of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles showed that they were nanosized particles and presented chemical properties consistent with those of hydroxyapatite. These particles were not cytotoxic to human gingival fibroblasts when at low concentrations. The dentifrices showed adequate values of pH, consistency, density and loss on drying. The analysis of the residue showed that the toothpaste had the chemical components used in the formulations. Surface roughness was statistically different between DEW and DSRA group (p < 0.05), but no group showed a high value of surface roughness, which was demonstrated by atomic force microscopy. The dentin permeability was significantly reduced (p ˂ 0.05) for groups DEW, DEH and DSRA. The X-ray diffraction showed peaks for DEH crystallinity of greater intensity corresponding to calcium spectroscopy. The micro-Raman microanalysis and EDS showed that the toothpaste had the chemical components used in its formulation, being found in the same sample surfaces after brushing. The SEM images showed that there were variations on the dentin surface morphology, in which occlusion of dentinal tubules occured, being the DSRA the only group to show total occlusion. The experimental dentifrices showed potential for occlusion of dentinal tubules similar to those of commercially available produc ts.