Estratégias de educação em saúde para o manejo do aleitamento materno: revisão de escopo

Abstract

Health education plays a central role in breastfeeding guidance, establishing itself as a fundamental strategy in neonatal care. Counseling, awareness-raising, and appropriate clinical management are essential interventions for the early identification and resolution of lactation related challenges. The promotion of and support for breastfeeding women are key determinants of successful breastfeeding and the prevention of early weaning. Objective: To identify and explore health education strategies for breastfeeding women in support of breastfeeding during the puerperium. Methods: This scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines and reported following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The search strategy was guided by the research question: “What health education strategies aimed at breastfeeding women during the puerperium have been documented in the literature?” Multidisciplinary health science databases were searched, including Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, between May and July 2024. The search was complemented by gray literature sources (Google Scholar, LIVIVO, and ProQuest™ Dissertations & Theses Citation Index) and manual screening of reference lists from included articles. Results: A total of 393 articles were identified. After applying methodological filters and inclusion criteria, 55 studies were selected. Data were extracted regarding bibliographic information, study characterization, and the types of educational strategies, which included digital technologies, home visits, educational sessions, didactic materials, multicomponent interventions, and Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative strategies. Conclusion: The scientific and gray literature present a wide range of health education strategies during the puerperium, highlighting collaborative approaches that provide support to breastfeeding women, promoting longer duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding, with positive effects on maternal and child health.