Avaliação do efeito do trióxido de antimônio (Sb2O3 ) na linhagem de neuroblastoma humano SH-SY5Y

Abstract

Antimony (Sb) is a metalloid present in nature, belonging to the 15th family of the periodic table, used by the metal and pharmaceutical industry. Due to its use in industries, the availability of antimony in its trioxide form (Sb2O3) in the environment has increased. Therefore, there is concern about human contamination by inhalation and ingestion. The cytotoxic effects of Sb cause metabolic changes as a result of chemical reactions, with an increase in ROS production and oxidative stress, leading to cell death. There is little information about the effects of antimony in the body. Given the lack of data on the effect of Sb on the nervous system, the present study evaluated the viability of a cell lineage of neuronal origin, the human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), exposed to different concentrations of antimony trioxide (Sb2O3). Cells were cultured with DMEM medium supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and without FBS. In each condition, different concentrations of Sb2O3 (128 - 0.0625μM) were used. We also evaluated the viability of murine fibroblasts (3T3) against Sb2O3 treatment at the same concentrations. The viability of these cells was evaluated using the MTT, neutral red and sulforodamine B method. Sb2O3 induced an increase in cell viability of the SH-SY5Y strain at concentrations of 0.25, 0.125 and 0.0625 μM, in addition to leading to death cell in concentrations from 1 to 128 μM, effects verified in 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure. In 3T3 cells, the results were similar to SH-SY5Y. In addition, the antioxidant (NAC) was used, analyzing whether there would be a reduction in the effects induced by Sb2O3 in the cells. It was observed that the increase in viability when cells were treated with concentrations 0.0625; 0.125; 0.25 and 0.5 μM of Sb2O3 was reversed in the presence of NAC. Also, strain SH-SY5Y was induced to differentiate with retinoic acid to verify metalloid effects on the differentiated strain. Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were shown to be resistant to the effects of Sb. The results obtained demonstrate that different concentrations of Sb2O3 induce different cellular responses. Antioxidant use and differentiation may be promising mechanisms against the toxic effects caused by antimony exposure.