Institucionalização do trabalho artesanal no desenvolvimento desigual do capital: estudo social nos países de Brasil e França

Abstract

The aim of the research is to analyze the reproduction of craft work in the process of uneven accumulation of capital and its forms of political institutionalization in the social study of the countries of Brazil and France. The problematization of the craft work is carried out since the debate about the necessity that the capital has to reproduce artisan activities to the extent to which it moves temporally and spatially. In the uneven development, the craft work presents different forms of organization and institutionalization between countries and regions, which hinders an understanding of its current meaning and its importance in the economy of the countries. In this sense, the importance of a comparative study lies in its better understanding of the development of the relationship between craft work and the particular economic and political system, in order to find the trajectory of differentiation and equalization that capitalist restructuring movement presents and the possibilities of action for the working class. Historical materialism method is used with the dialectical basis of value theory, and as a methodological mechanism, the theory of comparative studies in an intra-regional and interregional form. According to the development of the research of the two countries it is possible to define, as a thesis, the following: The uneven development of the industrialization process compromised the differentiation of the division and classification of craft work in each country of study, especially by the strengthening of the middle class in France, which allowed the configuration of the artisanal sector with more vertical integration of technical activities into the national market, and in Brazil with the development of cultural practices for a classification of craftsmanship and artisan identity in a movement of horizontal integration to capital. The uneven geographical development processes allowed demonstrate that there is a tendency for differentiation and equalization of craftsmanship. Differentiation in the diverse levels of the relation between the division of labor and capital; and equalization of globalized production of craft work by the artistic or cultural way. Finally, most of the collective actions of artisanal workers are local, where advocacy struggles are fundamental in protecting private production rights, but not as a broader political project.