Descrição de uma nova variante cariotípica e caracterização do mitogenoma e satelitoma de Rineloricaria lanceolata (Siluriformes, Loricaridae)

Abstract

Among the Neotropical fishes, the genus Rineloricaria is characterized by a great karyotypic diversity. These are fishes popularly known as armored catfish. Cytogenetic data for the genus show an evident polymorphism in these species, with different diploid numbers and karyotypic formulas, which may have their origin from chromosomal rearrangements, such as fissions, fusions, or translocations. In this sense, advances in genome sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have provided tools and approaches for genetic studies in these organisms. In this dissertation, we explore data obtained from Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) of Rineloricaria lanceolata and use a series of bioinformatics tools. With this, we aimed to highlight karyotypic polymorphism in Rineloricaria lanceolata and explore the data obtained by sequencing the genome of the species, with the intention of raising hypotheses about the emergence of karyotypic variation in the group. The partial mitogenome was obtained and functional annotation performed, and it was possible to establish the first partial mitogenome described for the genus Rineloricaria. The satellitome of R. lanceolata showed 40 sequences of repetitive DNAs for the species classified in different families. With the discovery of the sequences, we suggest the confection of cytogenetic markers for the most abundant sequences in the genome of the species. Cytogenetic characterization of the sample from a population of R. lanceolata also revealed significant differences in the karyotypes, such as a new variant not yet observed for the species. Finally, we conclude that in silico approaches are an important complement to future in situ techniques such as FISH, and are essential to answer possible questions surrounding the species. Therefore, the current work is a starting point for new karyo-evolutionary approaches involving the genus.