Efeito de bioestimulante via solo na nutrição e no rendimento de grãos de soja e trigo

Abstract

Brazil imports approximately 90% and 50% of the potassium and phosphate fertilizers used in agriculture, respectively, which makes it the fourth largest consumer of fertilizers, with 7% of the total global participation. A large proportion of the fertilizers applied are not used by plants. It is common sense that the increase in the nutrient efficiency use is the path to be followed to be successful in the face of the challenges of modern agriculture. The use of soil biostimulants based on microorganisms, whether live or from their metabolites, can be a potentially sustainable alternative to improve nutrient efficiency use, making crops more sustainable and productive. The present study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the use of a biostimulant sprayed in the soil (BS) on plant nutrition and grain yield of soybean and wheat. The experiment was carried out in Ponta Grossa, PR, at School Farm “Capão da Onça” of the State University of Ponta Grossa. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with five replications for soybean and in a split plot scheme, with five replications for wheat. For the soybean crop, four doses of BS were used (0, 2, 4, and 6 L ha-1). For the wheat crop, the main plots were divided into two subplots, without and with the reapplication of BS in the same doses used for soybean crop. Increasing the BS doses in the soybean crop increased the root dry mass, and the total aboveground dry mass at 30 days after sowing, the number of nodes and the grain yield. It also did not negatively affect the nodulation of soybean plants. For the wheat crop, increasing the BS doses increased the total fresh mass, the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S uptake, the grain hectoliter weight (HW) and did not significantly influence grain yield. The reapplication of BS for the wheat in succession to soybean did not improve the performance of wheat, showing that an application would be enough for the successor crop in the annual cycle.