Análise, caracterização e quantificação mineral de dois perfis de solos do Parque Estadual da Serra Dourada: estudo de caso

Abstract

In general, soil is a complex and dynamic element that is an essential basis for life on earth. Its geological diversity plays a crucial role in shaping landscapes, regulating the climate and providing natural resources such as water, minerals and fertile soil. Therefore, the conservation of geological diversity is vital for environmental sustainability and mitigating the effects of climate change. Understanding and preserving geodiversity is crucial to ensure a balanced and healthy future for our planet. Thus, a geoconservation strategy involves the inventory, characterization, conservation, dissemination and monitoring of geosites based on geoscientific aspects. The studied soil profiles provided from the Serra Dourada State Park, classified as Cambisolo (Inceptisol) and Neossolo Regolítico (Psamment), reflect the characteristics of their formation, composed of metasediments associated with a history of weathering and mineral alteration. The use of techniques such as X-ray diffraction in conbined with the Rietveld method (MR-DRX), X-ray fluorescence (FRX), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and field electron scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) allowed identify and characterize the minerals present and their proportions, establishing the presence of kaolinite, biotite, gibbsite, goethite, muscovite, halloysite, quartz, illite and rutile. Through MR-DRX technique, it was possible to quantify the minerals present in the fractions and relate the transport of minerals from the most superficial region to the deepest region along the soil profile while FEG-SEM enabled the identification of the morphology of halloysite and goethite.