A ambiguidade do direito à moradia e da politica habitacional no Brasil: uma análise crítica ao Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida

Abstract

The main objective of the thesis is to analyze the impacts of the implementation of the “Minha Casa Minha Vida” Program (PMCMV) in the medium-sized city of Ponta Grossa. It seeks to understand the development of the Program from 2009 to 2019, based on the nineteen projects implemented in the municipality, as well as the understanding of territorial development based on these. The focus of the research is the PMCMV projects, Level 1, developed in the FAR-companies modality. For the urban spatial analysis from the PMCMV, in order to characterize the areas, the projects were mapped, a drone overflight was carried out and satellite images were used in three different periods (period prior to the installation of the PMCMV, 2015 and current - 2022) to understand space-time evolution. We start from the analysis of three scales: federal to understand the PMCMV at the national level, state to understand how it was implemented in the state of Paraná and in the medium-sized cities of Londrina, Maringá and Cascavel; and on the local scale – medium city of Ponta Grossa. On the local scale, data were collected regarding location, urban insertion, community facilities (existing and/or implemented after the program), proximity to permanent preservation areas, physical barriers and the pertinent legislation. In addition, questionnaires were applied to public agents and researchers in the area of housing policy. The research is characterized by its exploratory, quantitative and qualitative nature. The thesis was based on the survey of official data from primary sources, PROLAR data, questionnaires, field visits, drone overflight and secondary data available in the main national and state repositories. The thesis is structured in a discussion about the right to housing in capitalist society, the production of space, the price of urbanized land and the role of the State, followed by a brief history of the production of social housing in Brazil, followed by the characterization of the “Minha Casa Minha Vida” Program, at the federal and state levels. On the municipal scale, the analysis of the PMCMV, level 1, is presented in the specificity of the medium-sized city of Ponta Grossa. “Minha Casa Minha Vida” Program produced the periphery of the periphery in the municipality of Ponta Grossa, contributing to the sprawl and expansion of the urban perimeter, producing from the PMCMV projects new monofunctional urban spots and the need to install community equipment to mitigate its location. peripheral.