Desafios e tensões no atendimento equitativo da família homoafetiva e da família transgênera: um estudo sobre as representações sociais e imagéticas no campo da saúde

Abstract

The theory of social representations captivates us as we delve deeper into its concepts and unravel our inquiries from its foundation. We chose it as a theoretical-methodological contribution because we believe that it is the theory that could best achieve the problematization proposed by this thesis, seeking to reflect on issues of gender, sexuality, and identity in the care of the LGBTQI+ population in the field of municipal health. Understanding how professionals understand the issue and face the demands of this audience makes us understand how close or how far they are to an equitable care, as pointed out by the principle elaborated by the SUS. In this regard, this study aimed at identifying the social representations of municipal professionals working in public health services in relation to equity in attending homosexual and transgender families. To answer the objective, we used a composition of triangulated methodological instruments, which allowed us to dialogue and unveil tensions and contradictions in the speeches of health professionals participating in the research. 51 professionals participated in the survey, and they are in three USF’s in Ponta Grossa. The path traced out started from the understanding that social representations are built from information present in consensual and reified universes and, therefore, we sought to raise the information from these universes that approach the research subjects. For this stage, we carried out a conjunctural and documentary analysis of the Política Nacional de Saúde LGBT and of the Ministério da Saúde and Grupo Dignidade campaigns regarding the concept of equity. Based on that, we moved on to the stage of understanding social representations, using a questionnaire composed of demographic issues, the core technique, the scale of prejudice against sexual and gender diversity, the reception of information and images and the free space. With the triangulation and dialogue between data, we pointed out as results of the research that there are still limitations in the equal care of homosexual family and transgender family in the field of municipal health, such as: misunderstanding of concepts of sexuality and identity, no access to information from the reified universe, strong relationship with information from the consensual universe, reproduction of established discourses related to the concept of family or barriers to acceptance of other family configurations, the presence of cognitive homophobia. Thus, our study identified the need for greater training of health professionals from the strengthening of the reified universe, that is, greater access to information on the subject, conducting courses and lectures led by qualified people on the topics with the objective to bring the specificities of the LGBTQI + population closer to health professionals. According to Public Policies in the health area, the responsibility for this qualification lies with the national, state, and municipal management bodies.