Tendência temporal e análise espacial dos indicadores socioeconômicos das cesáreas no Estado do Paraná, 2003 a 2014

Abstract

Due to the uncontrolled increase in cesarean rates in Brazil and in the world, there has been greater concern regarding the consequences for maternal and child health, both immediate and long term, especially when these are performed increasingly and without clinical indication. Several factors may influence the choice of delivery type, with socioeconomic indicators being the most important. This study aimed to evaluate the proportions and temporal trend of cesarean sections in the State of Paraná Health Region and correlate spatially with socioeconomic factors. An ecological study with a mixed and descriptive design of a temporal and transverse series, with data collected from the Information System on Live Births and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The analyzes of the proportions and the temporal trend of cesareans were performed between 2003 and 2014, for three years. The same was done for the State of Paraná and Brazil, for comparison purposes. The Moran Global statistic was applied to detect aggregates of events in space. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation of the cesarean proportions in the triennium from 2009 to 2011 with the average of the socioeconomic indicators of each Health Region of the State of Paraná, according to data from the Demographic Census of 2010, spatial maps were constructed with the significant variables. The largest proportions of cesareans occurred in the triennium between 2012 and 2014, except for the 1st Regional Health (Paranaguá), with larger proportions between 2009 and 2011. All the regional ones showed an increasing tendency in the proportion of cesarean sections, except the regional one that remained with steady trend. In the spatial statistical analysis (Global Moran's Test) for the triennium 2009-2011, the following variables were significant in the univariate analysis: cesarean proportions (p = 0.01), percentage of households with running water (p <0.01) ), Gini coefficient (p <0.001), income ratio (p <0.001), percentage of the population with income less than half a minimum wage (p <0.001) and Human Development Index (p = 0.01). There was a positive correlation between the proportion of cesareans and percentage of households with running water (r = 0.47, p = 0.03) and Human Development Index (r = 0.60, p <0.001) and negative correlation with coefficient of (R = -0.72, p <0.001), and percentage of the population with income less than half a minimum wage (r = -0.61, p < 0.01). The proportions of cesareans and the five socioeconomic indicators that presented statistical significance were represented spatially. The vast majority of the Health Region of Paraná presented a higher proportion of caesarean sections than the country average and a growing trend. Better socioeconomic indicators were correlated with the higher proportions of cesarean sections. It is emphasized the need for interdisciplinary measures to reduce the proportion of cesarean sections.