METODO DAS ESCALAS MULTIPLAS NA CONVERSÃO E AMPLIFICAÇÃO PARAMÉTRICA DE DOIS MODOS

Abstract

In this dissertation, we study the physical properties of an open system, composed of two interacting bosonic modes (quantum harmonic oscillators) of different frequencies, with a explicitly time dependent coupling. It is assumed that each of the bosonic modes is under the effect of a thermal reservoir and the dynamics of their quantum properties is studied. In the case of quadratic systems and Gaussian initial states, the quantum properties of the coupled modes evolve in time according to the time evolution of the non-symmetrized second order moment which is described in the framework of the non-unitary evolution of quantum quadratic systems. The dynamical properties are determined by solving systems of differential equations for the second moments. These systems of differential equations have time-dependent coefficients and in the limit of weak coupling, the Method of Multiple Scales for constructing and solving differential equations is applied. This approach determines the differential equations solutions in a perturbative series of an appropriate parameter associated with orders of magnitude of the couplings. In this way it is obtained a description of the temporal behavior of the squeezing and the purity for each mode in the particular cases of parametric amplification and conversion. In this context, it is also considered the problem of the quantitative measure of entanglement, analyzing its dynamical behavior for different values of the system parameters and Gaussian initial states configurations.