Avaliação in vivo do cilostazolnanoencapsulado em artéria carótida de ratos Wistar: estudo interdisciplinar

Abstract

Cilostazol is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase III that acts as a platelet antiaggregant and vasodilator. It is part of the clinical treatment of extracranial atherosclerotic carotid disease, presenting benefits for adequate local blood flow. Due to its lipophilic characteristics, it is an excellent drug for the study of the development of modified release systems, which aim to improve biological availability. The application of technologies in formulations, such as nanosuspensions, characterizes an attractive strategy to improve the action of compounds little soluble in water like Cilostazol. This study evaluated the effect of nanoencapsulated Cilostazol on the left carotid artery layers and in the lipid profile of Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups, which received solutions of nanocapsules containing cilostazol, nanocapsules without cilostazol, solution of propylene glycol and heavy cilostazol. Differences were observed between carotid thickness in micrometers between groups receiving nanoencapsulated cilostazol and the group receiving the propylene glycol solution (70.22 (9.2 ± 47-81) 95% CI 62-72) (P <0.019), with the highest thickness observed in the group receiving nanoencapsulated cilostazol. There was no difference in cellularity in absolute numbers between the groups. Regarding the lipid profile, the group receiving propylene glycol had higher values of HDL in mg/dL, compared to the group that received the nanoencapsulated cilostazol solution [56.85 (10.5 ± 37.7-83.7) 95% CI 52.56-61.38] (P 0.01). The level of triglycerides in mg/dL was higher in the group that received the heavy cilostazol compared to the group that received the nanocapsule solution [116 (56.37 ± 45-116.92) CI95% 74.15-132.33] (P 0.01). The heavy cilostazol presented better results in relation to the lipid profile. The presentation of nanoecapsulated cilostazol has not been shown to be adequate for the treatment of extracranial carotid disease due to the fact that it increases the lipid profile of the animals studied. The structure of the nanocapsule, as it contained lipids, worsened the lipid profile. Laboratory findings were consistent with histopathological findings.