A ESCOLA DE ALTERNÂNCIA NO MST PARANAENSE: EXPERIÊNCIA EDUCATIVA DE RESISTÊNCIA E COOPERAÇÃO

Abstract

This research aims at investigating the alternative education (at school and at the academy) of the Landless Workers Movement, (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra - MST) with the appliance of the “Alternation Pedagogy” to detect on this experience political pedagogical forms of resistance against exploit practices over peasants, workers and oppressed people in general. The goal of this dissertation is, specifically, the Alternation School with appeared in France in 1935 and that rouse similar experiences in Brazil from 1970, in certain environments were the intention was to educate a creative, militant and with cooperative conscientiousness person and, so, ecologic. The original pedagogical direction was put into the context of the peasants and their children and adopted MST’s groups (of the State of Paraná in special Lapa and Maringá cities) in order to mediate the response critical and practical of social transformation ideals of the peasants. The methodological procedures of the research included bibliographical exploration, qualitative approach, selecting documents, collection sets of interviews based on a semi-structured model with working students, monitors and leaders of the MST’s at their schools. Two reference names guided the research critic: Antonio Gramsci, on his defense that all people must join dialectally to construct the history and the progress of the nation, a new historical block that claims intelligence and action equally from the peasants in terms of surpassing of the oppressing hegemonies and Paulo Freire with his dialogue, autonomy, hope and resistance pedagogy are primordial to a really educative practice. It have been analyzed the historical condition of the peasant student, the MST reveled that the capitalistic model forces a oppression trajectory; the students seek for instruction but break familiar an cultural links and every time they back to the community they see themselves by a reality interpretation which cause alienation in face of their world and close the cooperative feelings. By the MST’s new educational experience the student learns dialectally the reality and, in this continuous teaching-leaning process, dialogue of knowledge, the student shifts his / her formation between two moments: the school moment and the familiar / communitarian. Following a methodology of observation and research the students are able to contextualize their socio-professional reality. The Alternation School on its experience assorted by the Via Campesina, support the subsistence agriculture, discuss the alimental autonomy of the planet and cooperate do disassembly the reductionism present in thoughts an practices peculiar of the inhuman bourgeoisie hegemony. On the steadiness of its pluralism this pedagogy seeks to educate men to work at the countryside and citizens with attitude.