A expansão do ensino no Paraná na Primeira República.

Abstract

This thesis has as object of study the expansion of education in the State of Paraná in the First Republic, and seeks to analyze how it occurred from the demand of European immigrants for the creation of schools, considering that the State received a large number of foreigners between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, which resulted in the formation of colonies on the outskirts of the cities, creating ethnic schools. In this context, from the beginning of the Republican regime, education became a means of building national identity, arousing interest of the rulers of the time with the creation of school groups, which can be considered a republican education project. The specific objectives are: a) to investigate the context in which immigration took place in the First Republic in the face of new labor relations and demands of capitalism; b) to point out the factors that influenced the expansion of primary public education in Paraná, based on the demand of immigrants for the creation of schools; c) understand the initiatives and projects aimed at the expansion of primary public education in Paraná. The theoretical framework is based on authors who deal with the history of national and regional education, such as: Saviani (2007, 2020, 2013), Costa (1999), Kowarick (1987), Kreutz (2011), Renk (2000, 2009), as well as authors who helped in understanding the development of capitalism, such as Marx (2004, 2010, 2017), Sodré (1968) and Furtado (1988). The research, with a qualitative approach, has materialism-history as a method of investigation and analysis. The messages of the presidents of Paraná, legislation and requirements made to the government are the primary sources used, in order to unseethe context of the time studied. Brazil and Paraná are contextualized in the First Republic, as well as the organization of teaching, seeking to apprehend the entire movement of the real. It was possible to perceive contradictions between the official discourses and the consolidation of a primary education project. The historical documents indicate that the population was claiming to be reinstatement ed by the creation of schools and also by their maintenance, either by the request of a teacher or by the grant, which were expressive in the research.