Acolhimento em família acolhedora no Município de Ponta Grossa, Paraná: uma proposta translacional para o aperfeiçoamento desse serviço

Abstract

Brazil has a vast history of inserting children and adolescents into foster care institutions. However, even over time, this measure has made little progress in the area of guarantees and has turned against the subjects of protection themselves. With the changes in child and adolescent conceptions and social assistance policies, promoted by the Constitution of the Republic of 1988, the Child and Adolescent Statute, the National Social Assistance Policy and the National Plan for Family and Community Coexistence, it has become a priority to promote a care compatible with the right to family and community coexistence – which led to the regulation of family care and the creation of Care Services in Foster Families. With the advent of Law n. 12.010/2009, family care was included in the Statute as a protective and preferential measure. However, the culture of institutionalizing children and adolescents still prevails. Despite this and the fact that the Municipalities have substrates for the implementation of the SFA since the Statute and the PNAS, the practice is timid in the country. Ponta Grossa, Paraná, although it established the SFA in 2013 (Law 11.350), it only made its operation viable in mid-2017, when the Service was relaunched. As of 2020, it improved its implementation and reformulated its regulations (Law 13.702). Even so, the service is not very effective in the territory, and it is not feasible to prioritize this type of reception and guarantee the exercise of fundamental rights for recipients. Thus, using the critical dialectical approach method supported by descriptive-exploratory, qualitative-quantitative, bibliographic, documentary and field research, the aim was to evaluate the contradictions between legislative advances and the implementation and execution of the SFA in the Municipality, aiming to identify what were the adversities that hindered its operationalization and propose, from a translational perspective, suggestions to remedy them and increase the number of people welcomed, improve the quality of care and guarantee the right to family and community coexistence for children and adolescents away from family. To meet the proposed objectives, the study began with the trajectory of child and adolescent institutionalization in the country, the care policies and the advances made in guaranteeing the rights of children and adolescents in care, with an emphasis on family and community coexistence. Then, using secondary data from the SNA and SUAS Census, we turned to the specificities of family care and the challenges to the implementation and execution of SFAs in the country. With field research, the SFA of Ponta Grossa was characterized, going through the causes that prevented implementation in the interregnum between Law n. 11.350/2013, the reorganization in mid-2017 and the reformulation by Law n. 13.702/20; and the restructuring that took place in 2020, focusing on the methodology used, covering all stages. The adversities faced by the SFA were then exposed, which hinder its dynamics and the preference for family care. In the end, taking into account the translational perspective, an Action Plan was created to improve this service.