Incidência de infecção de sítio cirúrgico e fatores de risco relacionados ao paciente

Abstract

The Surgical Site Infections (SSI) are identified in 20% of surgeries performed, ranking third among Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) in Brazil. The development of SSI can occur before, during or after the surgical procedure, impacting the patient's recovery and being one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. We sought to analyze the risk factors related to the development of SSI in patients admitted to a University Hospital, undergoing surgery from January 2022 to December 2022. It is characterized as a non-randomized case-control study, through analysis of electronic medical records, of risk factors for the occurrence of SSI in the perioperative period through variables such as the potential for contamination, duration of surgery and identified microorganisms, among others. The case group was configured by those individuals who developed SSI in the year 2022 (n=102), paired 1:1 to define the control group in a non-randomized way, of individuals who did not develop SSI in the year 2022 (n=102), paired according to the variable sex. Totaling a sample of 204 individuals. The risk for SSI was associated with the age group (RR = 1.75) from 50 to 69 years old (p=0.006), presence of depression (p=0.012), DM (p=0.008) and smoking (p=0.002). Classified 53.47% of surgeries that developed SSI as clean surgical wounds, but with a Relative Risk (RR) of 1.44 times higher in a contaminated surgical wound of obtaining SSI. The length of stay was longer in those who developed SSI (p<0.001), with an average of 32.7 days of hospitalization. The main microorganisms identified were: Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.72%), Staphylococcus aureus (8.82%), Escherichia Coli (6.86%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (5.88%). Death has been associated with 16.83% of patients with SSI (p=0.029), relating 6.93% to HAI (RR=1.5). The importance of understanding the risk factors for the occurrence of infections at the surgical site is highlighted, seeking better planning and directing prevention strategies.