Perfil de segurança da analgesia pré-emptiva com dexametasona na exodontia em ratos tratados com baixas doces de aspirina

Abstract

Millions of tooth extractions (TE) are performed every year. Preemptive analgesia (PA) with dexamethasone (DEX) is effective in reducing complications of this procedure. Dental care for patients using low doses of Aspirin (LDA) is common. The safety of the PA with DEX in tooth extractions in rats submitted to chronic LDA use was evaluated. The animals were divided into 4 groups (Control, DEX, LDA, LDA+DEX) replicated in two experiments (E1 - sacrifice 2 days after TE and E2 - sacrifice 28 days after TE), totaling 8 experimental groups, receiving chronic use of LDA and a single dose of DEX, by gavage. Stomachs and jaws were analyzed. Gastric evaluations showed that there was an increase in lesions in the LDA and LDA+DEX groups compared to the Control and the DEX group (p<0,05). There were no significant differences between the DEX and Control groups, nor between the LDA and LDA+DEX groups (p>0,05). No animals presented infection and there was no significant difference in alveolar bone repair (ABR) (p>0.05). Our results corroborate studies showing that BDAAS increase the risks of gastric injuries, not being enhanced by DEX (single dose), in addition, the results of our research suggest that this association - LDA+DEX - does not increase the risk of infections and does not interfere in the ABR 28 days after tooth extraction. In our study, we concluded that DEX was safe for use as preemptive analgesia in tooth extraction in rats chronically treated with low doses of aspirin.