Avaliação da qualidade de vida em cirurgia bariátrica: um estudo comparativo pré e pós operatório

Abstract

Obesity is not only a disease but also a risk factor for other comorbidities. It shows increasing prevalence and elevated morbimortality as well as incurs in elevated costs both for individuals and for health care. The resulting damage of obesity extends beyond the financial aspect, which negatively impacts the obese people quality of life. Overviewing obesity, bariatric surgery arises as an efficient option in treating the disease, it may however, trigger other complications. Despite the significant loss of weight provided by the surgery, this cannot be the only parameter to evaluate the success of the procedure, which also must not be measured only by the optics of health professionals. The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of life in patients during their pre and post bariatric surgery period. Cohort, longitudinal, prospective and unmanaged study, characterized as descriptive and quantitative. Twenty-five individuals were evaluated, before and throughout six to nine months after bariatric surgery, carried out by the techniques of bypass or sleeve. It was accomplished in the city of Ponta Grossa – PR, from September 2017 to October 2018. The instruments used were clinical and social-demographic questionnaire, the WHOQOL-Bref and IWQOL-Lite. The data were analyzed by the software SPSS 15.0 version for Windows, through the Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon, T test and Person correlation tests. In the presurgical period ten different comorbidities were identified, which presented either total remission or post-surgical improvement. The main comorbidities were hepatic steatosis, systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. There was a significant statistical difference between pre and post-surgery, in all fields and IWQOL-Lite questions, being the better evaluated the fields referred to work, difficulties in public, and sexual life. As for the WHOQOL-Bref, there was a significant difference only in field-by-field analysis, fact that was not confirmed in the questions analysis. The fields of social relations, physical and life quality general score were the ones that showed better post-surgical evaluation. All questions and fields were classified as satisfactory or very satisfactory after the surgery. Bariatric surgery positively impacted the quality of life of the evaluated individuals, without incurring in new complications in connection therewith.