Tanque de evapotranspiração para tratamentos de efluentes domésticos em zonas rurais

Abstract

In rural community’s domestic wastewater, especially disposal of blackwater containing human excreta, can reflect on environmental impacts and health problems for rural families, as they are generally directed to more rudimentary treatment systems, without soil waterproofing, becoming a source of contamination. The present work aimed to evaluate The Evapotranspiration Tank (TEvap) for individual and decentralized blackwater treatment. The technology was implanted on a full-scale, with 10 m² of surface area and received different loads of wastewater from two bathrooms at a rural association in the municipality of Ponta Grossa (PR). The system inlet occurred in large punctual loads and it was uncontrolled due to sporadic use of the toilets generally linked to events that occurred, but, despite these loads TEvap was able to absorb them. Within 172 days of operation in the first support layer, reduction of 57% of chemical oxygen demand, 68% of Kjeldahl nitrogen, 57% of total phosphorus, 58% of total solids and 63% for Escherichia coli was observed. Thus, TEvap is a promising alternative for blackwater treatment for single household.