Caracterização de um modelo de recessão gengival em ratos para o estudo da hipersensibilidade dentinária

Abstract

Dentin hypersensitivity may be defined as pain derived from exposed dentin in response to chemical, tactile, thermal, or osmotic stimuli that can not be explained as arising from any other defect or dental disease. Among the etiological factors, there is gingival recession, which generates exposure of the dentinal tubules from the cervical region to the buccal environment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish a model of gingival recession in rats for the study of dentin hypersensitivity and to evaluate the application of different bioglass formulations in the exposed dentin. Gingival recession was surgically induced in 56 rats, which were divided into groups receiving E.D.T.A. and E.D.T.A / 10% phosphoric acid, Naive control, control without treatment only with induced Gingival Recession, and the treatments: Varnish, Biosilicate, Biosilicate with Strontium and Biosilicate with Potassium. Among the analyzes were the morphology of exposed dentin by scanning electron microscopy, analysis of the animals' body weight, pulp flowmetry, histological and behavioral analysis by open field and high cross maze tests. The results show that the model employed did not interfere in the animals' diet as there was no decrease in body weight. In the pre-treatment phase a decrease in the blood flow of the pulp tissue was observed at the end of the experimental phase for all groups. And the groups with application of E.D.T.A. and E.D.T.A./ 10% phosphoric acid showed a removal of the smear layer and debris, through the opening of the dentinal tubules. In the E.D.T.A./Acid group there was a significant reduction in the frequency of locomotion and the increase in time in the lower ambulances in the behavioral tests. In the histological analysis, no group showed detectable changes in the structure of the soft tissues of the pulp, characterized as intense inflammatory infiltrate. This model of surgically induced gingival recession is valid for the exposure of the cervical dentin to the buccal environment, making the dentinal tubules open, where it altered the animal behavior when it was submitted to acid attack, but without causing changes in the pulp tissue. And when treated with different bioglass formulations, all groups reduced pulp blood flow. And the strontium group showed signs of less anxiety.