Adesão aos medicamentos antirretrovirais em pacientes HIV/AIDS na região dos Campos Gerais do estado do Paraná

Abstract

Over the past two decades, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a global epidemic, with political and economic consequences, necessitating new forms and resources for its control. Although there is no cure for HIV infection, there are antiretroviral drugs that decrease the progression of the disease, which can lead to a normal life expectancy. After the advent of antiretroviral therapy (TARV), limited treatment options were no longer a problem and adherence to antiretrovirals became decisive, due to the need for a good adherence to the effectiveness of the treatment. Studies that seek to verify adherence to medications, as well as to verify the influencing factors, are extremely important since they help in the elaboration and implementation of more effective measures for the treatment of patients with HIV. The study aimed to evaluate the adherence to antiretroviral drugs of HIV / AIDS patients attended by the Specialized Attention Service (SAE) in the city of Ponta Grossa, Paraná. The research was based on a cross-sectional, quantitative-based epidemiological study that used data collected from questionnaires answered by patients living with HIV who sought SAE / CTA for consultation. A socioeconomic questionnaire was developed to characterize the population studied, and the instrument used to measure drug adherence was the "Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (CEAT-VIH)". The result was an average score of 76.2 in the membership questionnaire, which is classified as "Adequate adherence". There was a significant influence of the variable time without taking medication, occupational situation, the presence of side effects, nausea and dizziness (p <0.001). The variables Time Without Medication, Residence, Sexual Orientation and Side Effects were able to explain 26.94% of the adherence to the antiretroviral drugs of patients who are being treated for HIV / AIDS. The characterization and elucidation of adhesion in the individuals in ART facilitates the development of actions directed to the most critical points of drug adherence.