Avanços e recuos do projeto popular de segurança alimentar e nutricional no Brasil: uma análise institucional e política

Abstract

This quantitative and qualitative research aims to understand how the Food and Nutrition Security (SAN) project of grassroots movements and the agribusiness project have been advancing or retreating in their dispute for hegemony in the State, from the Lula government, which began in 2003, until March 19, 2020 in the Bolsonaro government. For this purpose, the theoretical framework used was Gramsci's teachings, which were drawn from his own works and from authors who interpreted them. This study was developed based on documentary and bibliographic sources, which allowed for the analysis of how these projects have been gaining space in the State from the institutional changes of the Ministries and the policies of their responsibility, from the laws that were approved in the National Congress, from the resources foreseen in the Annual Budget Law (LOA) to be invested, and also from the speeches made by the Federal Deputies during the period. With this work, it was seen that the project of the grassroots movements only managed to advance to the point of being treated as a priority during the Lula and Dilma governments, a period in which there was a reduction in the percentage of people in a situation of food insecurity, which also allowed, in their respective terms, advances in the agribusiness project. However, during the Temer and Bolsonaro governments, the popular project lost space, decreasing its insertion in institutional spaces, as well as in the budget, entering a process of retreat, while agribusiness continued to expand its resources and influences in the State, a process that resulted in the resumption of alarming rates of food insecurity and which evidences the insufficiency of the agribusiness project in combating hunger.