Pré-natal odontológico de gestantes de alto risco: análise sob o prisma de diferentes fatores

Abstract

View of the lacuna identified in the knowledge of a regional reality related to the data of dental prenatal monitoring, the present study aimed to delineate the sociodemographic, gestational, systemic and odontological profile of high-risk pregnant women and to identify factors related to dental prenatal in the municipalities components of the 3rd Regional Health of Paraná. This is a study cross-sectional, inquiry type, of high-risk third-trimester pregnant women linked to the Hospital Universitário Regional de Campos Gerais, with a final sample of 190 pregnant women. Descriptive analyzes were conducted and the Pearson chi-square association test Fisher's exact test, with significance level (p≤0.05). Bivariate analyzes were performed to identify independent associations between the variables investigated, the first one related to the orientation of the dental care during the gestational period and the second related to the search for dental care in this period. The sociodemographic profile delineated the average age of 30 years, mostly married, with basic or complete basic education, family income of one to two minimum wages and occupation of the home. A 60% rate of pregnant women reported a health problem and the most prevalent clinical condition was hypertension (33.9%). Most of the pregnant women were not in the first gestation (70%) and less than 30% of them had a previous history of spontaneous abortion, low birth weight and premature delivery. The majority of pregnant women reported not having noticed any type of oral alteration during gestation and about 70% rated their oral health positively. A 96% sample rate claimed to perform prenatal care, and among those who performed at least one prenatal visit at the Hospital Universitário Regional dos Campos Gerais all reported that they returned to the Basic Health Unit for follow-up. Most of the pregnant women were oriented to seek dental care during pregnancy (88.9%), but most never heard of dental prenatal (65.3%). Regarding the orientation of the demand for dental care, the variables with significant statistical difference were the age of the pregnant woman (p = 0.00001); (p = 0.025), the search for dental care (p <0.00001) and the place of search (p = 0.0018). As for the variable of search for dental care, the variables that presented a statistically significant relationship were the age of the pregnant woman (p = 0.0001), habit of dental consultations in the pre-gestational period (p <0.05) and search orientation (p = 0.00001). The orientation and referral of the pregnant woman to the dental care presented as preponderant variables to the search for the service in this period, especially among the pregnant women with presence of preexisting clinical condition or clinical intercurrence. It was observed that the term dental prenatal is not yet consolidated, however, it has been demonstrated that the referral to dental treatment is being performed by health professionals of the Basic Health Unit, which reveals a favorable scenario regarding dental care of the pregnant woman at the 3rd Regional Health of Paraná.