Caracterização agronômica e qualidade industrial da farinha de linhagens melhoradas de trigo para a região dos Campos Gerais

Abstract

The production of wheat in Brazil is insufficient to meet domestic demand for this cereal. In addition, the flour obtained from these grains, for the most part, is of lower quality than that required by the bakery industries. In this sense, the artificial selection directed to the high productive potential of grains and adequate rheological quality of the flour for baking must be intensified by the crop breeding programs. Thus, the objectives of the study were to prospect wheat breeding lines with agronomic aptitude, high grain yield potential and high industrial quality of the flour. Were evaluated 46 breeding lines and four controls, two commercial (Quartzo® and Safira®) and two high potential lines from the UEPG breeding program (L34 and L38). Field evaluations of vigor, vegetative and reproductive cycle, stature, a thousand grain mass and grain yield were performed. Industrial quality analyzes of wheat flour, such as test weight, falling number, milling yield, gluten content, alveograph and flour color were conducted. Analyzes of variance and the grouping of means by the Scott and Knott test were performed at 5%. The genetic parameters for the agronomic traits and the industrial quality of the flour were estimated. The data were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis of principal components, estimated the genetic dissimilarity between the wheat genotypes and the cluster analysis by the UPGMA method. Estimates of the genetic parameters based on the agronomic, yield and quality traits showed high genetic variability among the breeding lines, indicating the possibility of genetic gain with the artificial selection. Principal component analysis reduced the set of six variables in two principal components that accounted for 70.8% of the total phenotypic variance. Based on PC analysis, it was possible to identify different groups of genotypes and the most promising whet breeding lines in relation to the agronomic traits and the productive potential of grains. In the cluster produced for the industrial quality characteristics and alveograph parameters, the breeding line L57 was highlighted with high quality of the flour, being classified as wheat improver. The results demonstrated the agronomic potential of several breeding lines of the UEPG breeding program, most notably the L57 lineage, which may in the future be recommended as commercial cultivars with high productive potential of grains associated with high industrial quality for baking.