Representações sociais do racismo estrutural: reflexões acerca de gestores negros nos clubes de futebol brasileiro da série A masculino de 2024

Abstract

Given the landscape of racism present in Brazil and the racial inequalities that persist in plaguing the country, this theme has been researched and studied in recent years by authors such as González (1983; 1984), Almeida (2018), and Gomes (2005), who have presented reflections on the concept of Structural Racism. According to this concept, racism becomes a structural phenomenon because it permeates institutions. 1 Therefore, the problem defined for the present research is: based on the concept of Structural Racism, is it possible to perceive manifestations of the phenomenon of racism in the field of football club management in Brazil? In light of this, the central objective of this research is: to identify how structural racism manifests itself in the field of football club management in Brazil, focusing on the figure of club presidents. To answer this question and meet the defined objective, a qualitative approach was established as the methodology, based on the authors Prodanov & Freitas (2013), Campenhoudt (1998), and Bardin (2016) for content analysis. The bibliographic review on Structural Racism and the theoretical foundation were based on the works of authors González (1983; 1984), Almeida (2018), and Gomes (2005), as well as a literature review based on relevant articles, theses, and dissertations from the Google Scholar, Scielo, and CAPES Journals Platform databases, using determinants corresponding to the research. Furthermore, observing that the phenomenon of Structural Racism is multifaceted, the work of Serge Moscovici (2007) was used to understand the influences of Social Representations on racism. The work of Pierre Bourdieu and his theory on Field and Capitals (1983; 1989; 2003; 2004; 2011; 2014) were also used to demonstrate that the present object and problem are products of more than one factor. Football can be conceived as a reflection of the society in which it is embedded. In this research, the premise of football as a social mirror can be verified, not only by the presence of explicit cases of racism from fans against players, from players against players, and also from the press against players, but also the reflection of structural racism by perceiving the racial inequality found in the management of clubs, something also existing in the society in which Brazilian football is inserted. Through the research, it was possible to perceive manifestations of Structural Racism also in the field of football club management, evidenced by the absence of black people occupying the positions of football club presidents. Bourdieu's theory demonstrated the relevance of capitals as informal prerequisites for occupying this position. Serge Moscovici's Theory of Social Representations demonstrated the influence of social representations in the process of forming opinions, behaviors, and attitudes that can be based on racist social representations.