Uso de óleos funcionais na alimentação de porcas lactantes e leitagadas

Abstract

The objective of this work is to evaluate the use of cashew and castor oil oils in the feeding of lactating sows and their functional litters on zootechnical performance, microbioma and cellular immunity. 40 sows of different birth orders were used. The experimental period was 28 days. NC: negative control, non-antibiotic commercial diet for piglets and sows; FOPig: diet with functional oils (FO) for piglets; FOSow: diet with FO for nuts; FOAll: FO diets for sows and piglets; ANTPIG: antibiotic diet for piglets. Greater weight loss in primiparas was confirmed by the variation of weight loss in lactation in relation to birth weight, which lost about 10% (p <0.01) of their live weight at the end of the first lactation). Nuts that consumed the functional oil in the diet (FOSow) had the lowest variation (p <0.05) in weight loss. A higher (p <0.01) protein catabolism occurred in ANTPig females, which still presented greater weight loss and backfat thickness during lactation. In relation to the females that received functional oils in the diet or their litters, ANTPig females presented protein mobilization 43% higher. The mortality rate, considering dead piglets due to weakness, starvation and diarrhea, was 83% lower (p <0.05) in FOAll piglets (pigs and piglets receiving functional oils in the diet) than piglets fed diets containing antibiotics. The incidence of diarrhea was higher in the group where only the sow made functional oil intake (FOSow) when compared to both pig and piglet use (P <0.05). A significant increase of Proteobacteria filo was observed in NC piglets when compared to the other groups. A total of 4075 unique organisms were observed in the FOSow pig group, being the group with the highest number of single organisms, thus showing a differentiation when compared to the other groups. Regarding the biodiversity of bacterial communities, a significant (P <0.05) decrease in the richness of the microbiota in the ANTPig group was observed in relation to the other treatments. Double-labeled T lymphocytes had higher concentrations (P <0.05) in NC piglets at 4 days of age in relation to ANTPig piglets. FOAll piglets differ from NC piglets, but are similar to ANTPig piglets. Macrophage concentrations were higher (P <0.05) in FOPig piglets compared to NC, FOAll and FOSow piglets at 4 days after birth. At 21 days, B lymphocyte concentration was higher in NC piglets compared to the other treatments. Regarding intestinal histology, the epithelial thickness of the CN duodenum (1.02) was smaller than the groups in which it contained functional oil. The presence of calciform cells was 21% higher in the FOSow group than in the NC, p <0.05. FOPig presented a 57% more number of epithelial infiltrates than ANTPig, p <0.05. FOAll presented greater congestion of the duodenum when compared to the other groups with functional oil and NC. The benefits of functional oils are recognized in the sanity of litters. They act in a systemic way with alteration of the intestinal microbiota, histological modifications in the intestinal epithelium and immunomodulatory response.