Utilização de técnicas estatísticas na análise de dados de saneamento básico e saúde nas capitais brasileiras

Abstract

Sanitation services, such as drinking water supply, sewage collection and treatment, collection and final disposal of solid waste and urban drainage are important for promoting the health and well-being of the population. These services are precarious in some regions of Brazil, mainly in relation to the collection and treatment of sewage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the proportion of the population served by drinking water, sewage and solid waste collection, with the hospitalization rates due to waterborne diseases and mortality due to infectious and parasitic diseases in children under 1 and 5 years old, in Brazilian capitals from 2008 to 2019. Based on data from the National Sanitation Information System (SNIS), and the Informatics Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), statistical analyzes of correlation and simple linear regression, clustering and confidence intervals were performed to assess the similarities between Brazilian capitals and the relationships between health and sanitation. With the results obtained, a significant and inversely proportional correlation (r > -0,7) was observed between the population served by sewage collection and the hospitalization rates due to waterborne diseases, highlighting the importance of that to reduce hospitalization rates, mainly in the capitals: Belém, Boa Vista, Campo Grande, Cuiabá, Curitiba, João Pessoa, Natal, Palmas, Porto Alegre, Porto Velho, Rio de Janeiro, São Luís and Teresina. With the cluster and confidence interval analysis, it was possible to see similarities between some capitals, such as capitals of the South, Southeast and Center-West regions and capitals of the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. We concluded that despite the great diversity among Brazilian capitals and the study did not consider the investment applied in sanitation made during the study period, it was possible to verify that in some capitals the correlations between sanitation and hospitalization rates due to waterborne diseases are evident and demonstrate the need for access to sanitation for better health conditions of the population. On the other hand, it must be noted that SNIS and DATASUS data may be flawed, with variable precision in different regions of Brazil.