Nanoencapsulação de óleo essencial de capim-limão por nano spray-drying para potencial uso como pós-sol
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Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa
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A queimadura solar é uma reação inflamatória cutânea aguda desencadeada pela exposição excessiva à radiação ultravioleta, resultando em dano tecidual e estresse oxidativo. O óleo essencial de capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) (OECL) apresenta propriedades de interesse para aplicação tópica, podendo ser uma alternativa para auxiliar no alívio dos sintomas associados à queimadura solar. Entretanto, sua elevada volatilidade e instabilidade físico-química pode limitar sua utilização. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e caracterizar sistemas nanoencapsulados contendo OECL, na forma de nanoemulsão (NE) e de nanopartículas poliméricas (NPP) obtidas por nano spray-drying, e avaliar suas propriedades antioxidantes, antimicrobianas e anti-inflamatórias, visando seu potencial uso como produto dermocosmético pós-sol. Inicialmente, seis formulações de NE foram desenvolvidas e caracterizadas. A NE6, composta por solução aquosa de goma arábica a 20% (m/v), OECL:polissorbato 80 na proporção 1:3 (m/m) e etanol, apresentou as melhores características físico-químicas, com tamanho de partícula de 86,53 ± 1,53 nm, índice de polidispersão de 0,248 ± 0,026, potencial zeta de −19,03 ± 0,30 mV e pH de 5,55 ± 0,04. Também apresentou melhor estabilidade cinética, prolongada e acelerada, sendo selecionada como formulação de alimentação para o processo de nano spray-drying. As NPP obtidas apresentaram morfologia esférica e tamanho heterogêneo, predominantemente inferior a 200 nm, com rendimento entre 78,15% e 85,19%. As análises por espectroscopia no infravermelho e difração de raios X indicaram a incorporação do OECL à matriz de goma arábica e o caráter amorfo das NPP, respectivamente, enquanto a análise térmica demonstrou aumento da estabilidade térmica do OECL após a nanoencapsulação. O pó apresentou boa capacidade de dispersão em água (93,62%), com tempo de molhabilidade de 25,94 ± 0,87 s e, após redispersão, apresentou tamanho de partícula de 155,2 ± 39,2 nm e índice de polidispersão de 0,635 ± 0,011. A eficiência de encapsulação da NE6 (94,39 ± 0,25%) e das NPP (46,14 ± 0,56%), bem como a retenção de OECL nas NPP (72,16%), foram determinadas com base na quantificação do citral, utilizado como marcador químico do OECL, por meio de um método validado de cromatografia líquida de ultra eficiência. O ensaio de permeação cutânea in vitro em pele suína demonstrou diferenças significativas entre o OECL livre, a NE6 e as NPP, evidenciando alteração da cinética de permeação e retenção do citral no estrato córneo e na derme após a nanoencapsulação. Quanto à bioatividade, a atividade anti-inflamatória, avaliada pela inibição da desnaturação proteica, foi mantida após a nanoencapsulação. A NE6 apresentou maior atividade antimicrobiana, especialmente frente às bactérias Grampositivas, com destaque para Staphylococcus epidermidis, e maior atividade antioxidante em relação ao OECL livre. As NPP também mantiveram a bioatividade do OECL, porém apresentaram menor atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana em comparação à NE6, o que pode estar relacionado à liberação controlada dos compostos ativos. Entretanto, as NPP se destacaram pela maior viabilidade celular, preservando elevada viabilidade de fibroblastos 3T3 mesmo nas maiores concentrações avaliadas. De modo geral, os resultados demonstram que a nanoencapsulação do OECL modificou suas características físico-químicas, estabilidade, comportamento de permeação e atividade biológica, evidenciando o potencial da NE e das NPP para aplicação em produtos dermocosméticos pós-sol.
Sunburn is an acute inflammatory skin reaction triggered by excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation, resulting in tissue damage and oxidative stress. Lemongrass essential oil (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) (LEO) exhibits properties of interest for topical application and may be an alternative for assisting in the relief of sunburnassociated symptoms. However, its high volatility and physicochemical instability may limit its use. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and characterize nanoencapsulated systems containing LEO, in the form of a nanoemulsion (NE) and polymeric nanoparticles (NP) obtained by nano spray-drying, and to evaluate their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, aiming at their potential use as an after-sun dermocosmetic product. Initially, six NE formulations were developed and characterized. NE6, composed of a 20% (w/v) aqueous gum arabic solution, LEO:polysorbate 80 at a 1:3 (w/w) ratio, and ethanol, showed the most suitable physicochemical characteristics, with a particle size of 86.53 ± 1.53 nm, polydispersity index of 0.248 ± 0.026, zeta potential of −19.03 ± 0.30 mV, and pH of 5.55 ± 0.04. It also showed the best kinetic, prolonged, and accelerated stability and was therefore selected as the feed formulation for the nano spray-drying process. The resulting NP exhibited spherical morphology and heterogeneous size, predominantly below 200 nm, with a yield ranging from 78.15% to 85.19%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses indicated the incorporation of LEO into the gum Arabic matrix and the amorphous nature of the NP, respectively, while thermal analysis demonstrated increased thermal stability of LEO after nanoencapsulation. The powder showed good dispersibility in water (93.62%), with a wettability time of 25.94 ± 0.87 s and, after redispersion, exhibited a particle size of 155.2 ± 39.2 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.635 ± 0.011. The encapsulation efficiency of NE6 (94.39 ± 0.25%) and NP (46.14 ± 0.56%), as well as LEO retention in the NP (72.16%), were determined based on the quantification of citral, used as a chemical marker of LEO, by a validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method. The in vitro skin permeation assay using porcine skin demonstrated significant differences among free LEO, NE6, and NPP, evidencing changes in the permeation and retention kinetics of citral in the stratum corneum and dermis following nanoencapsulation. Regarding bioactivity, the anti-inflammatory activity, evaluated by inhibition of protein denaturation, was maintained after nanoencapsulation. The NE6 showed greater antimicrobial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria, with emphasis on Staphylococcus epidermidis, as well as greater antioxidant activity compared with free LEO. The NP also maintained the bioactivity of LEO but showed lower antioxidant and antimicrobial activity compared with the NE6, which may be related to the controlled release of the active compounds. However, the NP stood out for its higher cell viability, maintaining high viability of 3T3 fibroblasts even at the highest concentrations evaluated. Overall, the results demonstrate that nanoencapsulation of LEO modified its physicochemical characteristics, stability, permeation behavior, and biological activity, highlighting the potential of NE and NP for application in after-sun dermocosmetic products.
Sunburn is an acute inflammatory skin reaction triggered by excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation, resulting in tissue damage and oxidative stress. Lemongrass essential oil (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) (LEO) exhibits properties of interest for topical application and may be an alternative for assisting in the relief of sunburnassociated symptoms. However, its high volatility and physicochemical instability may limit its use. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and characterize nanoencapsulated systems containing LEO, in the form of a nanoemulsion (NE) and polymeric nanoparticles (NP) obtained by nano spray-drying, and to evaluate their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, aiming at their potential use as an after-sun dermocosmetic product. Initially, six NE formulations were developed and characterized. NE6, composed of a 20% (w/v) aqueous gum arabic solution, LEO:polysorbate 80 at a 1:3 (w/w) ratio, and ethanol, showed the most suitable physicochemical characteristics, with a particle size of 86.53 ± 1.53 nm, polydispersity index of 0.248 ± 0.026, zeta potential of −19.03 ± 0.30 mV, and pH of 5.55 ± 0.04. It also showed the best kinetic, prolonged, and accelerated stability and was therefore selected as the feed formulation for the nano spray-drying process. The resulting NP exhibited spherical morphology and heterogeneous size, predominantly below 200 nm, with a yield ranging from 78.15% to 85.19%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses indicated the incorporation of LEO into the gum Arabic matrix and the amorphous nature of the NP, respectively, while thermal analysis demonstrated increased thermal stability of LEO after nanoencapsulation. The powder showed good dispersibility in water (93.62%), with a wettability time of 25.94 ± 0.87 s and, after redispersion, exhibited a particle size of 155.2 ± 39.2 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.635 ± 0.011. The encapsulation efficiency of NE6 (94.39 ± 0.25%) and NP (46.14 ± 0.56%), as well as LEO retention in the NP (72.16%), were determined based on the quantification of citral, used as a chemical marker of LEO, by a validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method. The in vitro skin permeation assay using porcine skin demonstrated significant differences among free LEO, NE6, and NPP, evidencing changes in the permeation and retention kinetics of citral in the stratum corneum and dermis following nanoencapsulation. Regarding bioactivity, the anti-inflammatory activity, evaluated by inhibition of protein denaturation, was maintained after nanoencapsulation. The NE6 showed greater antimicrobial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria, with emphasis on Staphylococcus epidermidis, as well as greater antioxidant activity compared with free LEO. The NP also maintained the bioactivity of LEO but showed lower antioxidant and antimicrobial activity compared with the NE6, which may be related to the controlled release of the active compounds. However, the NP stood out for its higher cell viability, maintaining high viability of 3T3 fibroblasts even at the highest concentrations evaluated. Overall, the results demonstrate that nanoencapsulation of LEO modified its physicochemical characteristics, stability, permeation behavior, and biological activity, highlighting the potential of NE and NP for application in after-sun dermocosmetic products.
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SILVA, Thais Leticia Moreira da. Nanoencapsulação de óleo essencial de capim-limão por nano spray-drying para potencial uso como pós-sol. 2026. Tese (Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas) - Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, 2026.
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