Controle de soja STS voluntária tolerante á sulfonilureia com herbicidas auxínicos em dois estágios de aplicação na cultura do trigo
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Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa
Abstract
A soja voluntária (guaxa ou tiguera) originada de grãos perdidos durante a colheita constitui problema crescente no sistema de sucessão soja-trigo, competindo por recursos e atuando como ponte verde para doenças. O controle químico com herbicidas auxínicos representa alternativa viável, porém sua eficiência e seletividade são dependentes de múltiplos fatores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de controle de soja STS (tolerante a sulfonilureias) voluntária e a seletividade para a cultura do trigo de herbicidas auxínicos aplicados em diferentes doses e estádios fenológicos. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em Ponta Grossa, PR, nas safras 2024 e 2025, em delineamento de blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Foram testados quatro herbicidas auxínicos: florpyrauxifen-benzyl (arylpicolinato; 0,4, 1,0, 1,3 e 2,0 L ha⁻¹), picloram (ácido piridino-carboxílico; 0,5, 1,0, 1,25 e 2,0 L ha⁻¹), triclopyr (ácido piridino-carboxílico; 0,75, 1,5, 1,75 e 2,5 L ha⁻¹) e dicamba (ácido benzóico; 0,5, 1,0, 1,3 e 2,0 L ha⁻¹), em quatro doses crescentes, aplicados em dois estádios fenológicos do trigo: E1 (Zadoks 31-32, elongação, 42-55 dias após a semeadura) e E2 (Zadoks 21-25, perfilhamento, 28-33 dias após a semeadura). Foram avaliadas a eficiência de controle de soja voluntária até 35 dias após a aplicação (DAA), redução de massa seca da parte aérea do trigo e produtividade de grãos. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl apresentou a maior eficiência de controle (80,2-83,5%), seguido por picloram (74,6-75,6%), triclopyr (58,1-60,8%) e dicamba (45,0- 56,8%). O estádio E1 proporcionou maior eficiência de controle (2-5 pontos percentuais) em relação ao E2 para todos os herbicidas. A seletividade para o trigo foi fortemente dependente das condições climáticas, com geadas na Safra 2024 resultando em maior fitotoxicidade. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl apresentou o melhor perfil de seletividade (redução de massa seca < 5%). Picloram causou perdas de produtividade de 18-21% em relação à testemunha. As produtividades na Safra 2025 (35,7-49,2 sacas ha⁻¹) foram superiores à Safra 2024 (22,0-33,5 sacas ha⁻¹), evidenciando o impacto das geadas. Para controle eficaz (≥ 80%) com seletividade aceitável, recomenda-se florpyrauxifen-benzyl 1,3-2,0 L ha⁻¹ (25,9-39,8 g e.a. ha⁻¹) aplicado no E1 (sob condições favoráveis) ou E2 (sob condições adversas). Dicamba e triclopyr não são recomendados devido à eficiência insuficiente (< 80%). Conclui-se que a eficiência de controle e a seletividade de herbicidas auxínicos são dependentes da formulação, dose, estádio fenológico e condições climáticas, confirmando a hipótese do estudo. No presente estudo, o florpyrauxifen-benzyl apresentou o melhor resultado para o manejo de soja STS voluntária em trigo no sistema de sucessão da região dos Campos Gerais do Paraná.
Volunteer soybean originating from grains lost during harvest constitutes a growing problem in the soybean-wheat succession system, competing for resources and acting as a green bridge for diseases. Chemical control with auxinic herbicides represents a viable alternative, but their efficiency and selectivity depend on multiple factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of control of volunteer STS (sulfonylurea-tolerant) soybean and the selectivity for wheat crop of auxinic herbicides applied at different doses and phenological stages. Two experiments were conducted in Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil, during the 2024 and 2025 growing seasons, in a randomized complete block design with split-plots and four replications. Four auxinic herbicides were tested: florpyrauxifen-benzyl (arylpicolinate; 0.4, 1.0, 1.3, and 2.0 L ha⁻¹), picloram (picolinic acid; 0.5, 1.0, 1.25, and 2.0 L ha⁻¹), triclopyr (picolinic acid; 0.75, 1.5, 1.75, and 2.5 L ha⁻¹), and dicamba (benzoic acid; 0.5, 1.0, 1.3, and 2.0 L ha⁻¹), at four increasing doses, applied at two wheat growth stages: E1 (Zadoks 31-32, stem elongation, 42- 55 days after sowing) and E2 (Zadoks 21-25, tillering, 28-33 days after sowing). Volunteer soybean control efficiency at 35 days after application (DAA), wheat shoot dry mass reduction, and grain yield were evaluated. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl showed the highest control efficiency (80.2-83.5%), followed by picloram (74.6-75.6%), triclopyr (58.1-60.8%), and dicamba (45.0- 56.8%). Stage E1 provided higher control efficiency (2-5 percentage points) compared to E2 for all herbicides. Selectivity for wheat was strongly dependent on climatic conditions, with frosts in the 2024 season resulting in greater phytotoxicity. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl showed the best selectivity profile (dry mass reduction < 5%). Picloram caused yield losses of 18-21% compared to the untreated control. Yields in the 2025 season (35.7-49.2 bags ha⁻¹) were higher than in the 2024 season (22.0-33.5 bags ha⁻¹), evidencing the impact of frosts. For effective control (≥ 80%) with acceptable selectivity, florpyrauxifen-benzyl 1.3-2.0 L ha⁻¹ (25.9-39.8 g a.e. ha⁻¹) applied at E1 (under favorable conditions) or E2 (under adverse conditions) is recommended. Dicamba and triclopyr are not recommended due to insufficient efficiency (< 80%). It is concluded that the control efficiency and selectivity of auxinic herbicides are dependent on formulation, dose, phenological stage, and climatic conditions, confirming the study hypothesis. In the present study, florpyrauxifen-benzyl showed the best result for managing volunteer STS soybean in wheat in the succession system of the Campos Gerais region of Paraná, Brazil.
Volunteer soybean originating from grains lost during harvest constitutes a growing problem in the soybean-wheat succession system, competing for resources and acting as a green bridge for diseases. Chemical control with auxinic herbicides represents a viable alternative, but their efficiency and selectivity depend on multiple factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of control of volunteer STS (sulfonylurea-tolerant) soybean and the selectivity for wheat crop of auxinic herbicides applied at different doses and phenological stages. Two experiments were conducted in Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil, during the 2024 and 2025 growing seasons, in a randomized complete block design with split-plots and four replications. Four auxinic herbicides were tested: florpyrauxifen-benzyl (arylpicolinate; 0.4, 1.0, 1.3, and 2.0 L ha⁻¹), picloram (picolinic acid; 0.5, 1.0, 1.25, and 2.0 L ha⁻¹), triclopyr (picolinic acid; 0.75, 1.5, 1.75, and 2.5 L ha⁻¹), and dicamba (benzoic acid; 0.5, 1.0, 1.3, and 2.0 L ha⁻¹), at four increasing doses, applied at two wheat growth stages: E1 (Zadoks 31-32, stem elongation, 42- 55 days after sowing) and E2 (Zadoks 21-25, tillering, 28-33 days after sowing). Volunteer soybean control efficiency at 35 days after application (DAA), wheat shoot dry mass reduction, and grain yield were evaluated. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl showed the highest control efficiency (80.2-83.5%), followed by picloram (74.6-75.6%), triclopyr (58.1-60.8%), and dicamba (45.0- 56.8%). Stage E1 provided higher control efficiency (2-5 percentage points) compared to E2 for all herbicides. Selectivity for wheat was strongly dependent on climatic conditions, with frosts in the 2024 season resulting in greater phytotoxicity. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl showed the best selectivity profile (dry mass reduction < 5%). Picloram caused yield losses of 18-21% compared to the untreated control. Yields in the 2025 season (35.7-49.2 bags ha⁻¹) were higher than in the 2024 season (22.0-33.5 bags ha⁻¹), evidencing the impact of frosts. For effective control (≥ 80%) with acceptable selectivity, florpyrauxifen-benzyl 1.3-2.0 L ha⁻¹ (25.9-39.8 g a.e. ha⁻¹) applied at E1 (under favorable conditions) or E2 (under adverse conditions) is recommended. Dicamba and triclopyr are not recommended due to insufficient efficiency (< 80%). It is concluded that the control efficiency and selectivity of auxinic herbicides are dependent on formulation, dose, phenological stage, and climatic conditions, confirming the study hypothesis. In the present study, florpyrauxifen-benzyl showed the best result for managing volunteer STS soybean in wheat in the succession system of the Campos Gerais region of Paraná, Brazil.
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COELHO, Robson Donato. Controle de soja STS voluntária tolerante á sulfonilureia com herbicidas auxínicos em dois estágios de aplicação na cultura do trigo. 2026. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, 2026.
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