As fake news como verdade política: uma análise a partir da Teoria da Relevância
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Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa
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Este trabalho investiga oito enunciados falsos disseminados durante o período eleitoral brasileiro de 2022, considerando os aspectos culturais, identitários e subjetivos que favoreceram sua aceitação entre determinados grupos sociais. O objetivo central foi compreender como os indivíduos atribuem relevância a enunciados falsos, mesmo diante de evidências em contrário, e de que maneira esses conteúdos adquirem potencial de circulação e legitimidade. Para fundamentar a investigação, utilizou-se a Teoria da Relevância de Sperber e Wilson (2001 [1986]), que possibilitou examinar os processos inferenciais pelos sujeitos na interpretação das fake news. A análise revelou que os enunciados falsos alcançaram relevância cognitiva por se alinharem a crenças prévias, valores identitários e posicionamentos políticos, sendo ainda intensificados por fatores emocionais, como medo, pânico e indignação. Tais elementos favoreceram tanto a aceitação das mensagens quanto sua propagação, evidenciando o papel da emoção na construção da relevância comunicativa. Os resultados indicam que a desinformação, no contexto da polarização política, não pode ser compreendida apenas como um fenômeno de circulação de dados incorretos, mas como um processo complexo que articula linguagem, cognição e identidade social. A pesquisa mostra, ainda, que as fake news reforçam fronteiras simbólicas entre grupos em disputa, alimentando percepções de oposição e legitimando discursos de ataque.
This work investigates eight false statements disseminated during the Brazilian election period of 2022, considering the cultural, identity and subjective aspects that favored their acceptance among certain social groups. The central objective was to understand how individuals attribute relevance to false statements, even in the face of evidence to the contrary, and how these contents acquire potential circulation and legitimacy. To base the research, we used the Theory of Relevance of Sperber and Wilson (2001 [1986]), which made it possible to examine inferential processes by subjects in the interpretation of fake news. The analysis revealed that false statements achieved cognitive relevance by aligning with previous beliefs, identity values and political positions, being also intensified by emotional factors such as fear, panic and indignation. Such elements favored both the acceptance of messages and their propagation, highlighting the role of emotion in the construction of communicative relevance. The results indicate that disinformation, in the context of political polarization, can not be understood only as a phenomenon of incorrect data circulation, but as a complex process that articulates language, cognition and social identity. The research also shows that fake news reinforce symbolic boundaries between disputed groups, feeding opposition perceptions and legitimizing attack speeches.
This work investigates eight false statements disseminated during the Brazilian election period of 2022, considering the cultural, identity and subjective aspects that favored their acceptance among certain social groups. The central objective was to understand how individuals attribute relevance to false statements, even in the face of evidence to the contrary, and how these contents acquire potential circulation and legitimacy. To base the research, we used the Theory of Relevance of Sperber and Wilson (2001 [1986]), which made it possible to examine inferential processes by subjects in the interpretation of fake news. The analysis revealed that false statements achieved cognitive relevance by aligning with previous beliefs, identity values and political positions, being also intensified by emotional factors such as fear, panic and indignation. Such elements favored both the acceptance of messages and their propagation, highlighting the role of emotion in the construction of communicative relevance. The results indicate that disinformation, in the context of political polarization, can not be understood only as a phenomenon of incorrect data circulation, but as a complex process that articulates language, cognition and social identity. The research also shows that fake news reinforce symbolic boundaries between disputed groups, feeding opposition perceptions and legitimizing attack speeches.
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GEREMIAS, Fernanda de Fátima. As fake news como verdade política: uma análise a partir da Teoria da Relevância. 2025. Dissertação (Mestrado em Estudos da Linguagem) - Dissertação (Mestrado em Estudos da Linguagem) - Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, 2025
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