Conselhos Municipais de Educação no Paraná: luta de classes e sua relação com o princípio da gestão democrática

Abstract

The class struggle in the modern state, marked by hegemony, steads content and democratic participation way in Brazilian Society within the political representation spaces of Municipal Councils of Education (CMEs in Portuguese acronym). Thereafter, the aim of this research exposition is revealing the class struggle in the CMEs participatory process in the State of Paraná, and how it comes true in political actions. For the investigation proceedings, historical and dialectical materialism was adopted to understand the relation among economic and political facts on the phenomenon made evident, through theoretical contribution of Antonio Gramsci, whose work made possible revealing intricate webs of power relationships in the institutional political act and the democratic participation. Analysis, data exposition and epistemological foundation were unfolded by scientific validity categories in the expository debate, among them are the class struggle. Social groups, hegemony, intellectual ones, power relations, big and small politics, and democracy. The categories were paramount, and they were constituted along the process of detecting and analyzing situations and nexuses and contradictions intrinsic to the participatory process of the civil society and the political one in democratic exercise of Municipal Councils of Education in the State of Paraná. Methodological procedures were defined from the research method by Marx which allows establishing the relation among singularity and particularity with the social totality, focusing on the work of 20 CMEs instituted in the own teaching system of the State of Paraná. Data usage, such as laws, decrees, minute of meetings and questionnaire provided support for the analysis, as well as significant information to understand the class struggle phenomenon in public education management. Class struggle analysis enabled understanding the contradictions of democratic regimen from the counselor bias problematized by Gramsci the early last century. The way and content of counselor practices found support analysis and historical example in the factory councils constituted in Italy in 1919-1920, the red biennium period. Strategies and decisions made in the research process allowed, for now, concluded and confirm that different democratic management devices are private devices of hegemony, a dispute field, which frequently undermine the collective construction of social demands and consecrate the moment of state bureaucracy. However, solidity of the corporate-economic or ethical-political moment, supported by the hegemony of the struggling classes in CMEs is conditioned to the participatory movement and the material conditions. Hence, democratic representative space demonstrated a need for reaffirmation and occupation by the different social groups, whose discipline and class organization presented as sine qua non requirement for counselor participation to contribute with dissemination of another worldview and a cultural reform which provide shakes in the sociability of material production in force today, before the self-management by producers, and which could ensure, consolidate and enlarge economic, social and human rights in an equal way.