“Da zelosa mãe e esposa à recatada professora, trabalhadora e cidadã de direitos”: representações das mulheres e da sua educação no Diário dos Campos nas décadas de 1920/1930

Abstract

The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the women’s representations and their education, based on the research in the newspaper “Diário dos Campos”, a centennial periodical of the city of Ponta Grossa – PR, in the 1920s and 1930s, specifically among the 1920s to 1924 and from 1932 to 1937. The justification for the initial temporal cut is based on the period of discussions about the creation of the Escola Normal in Ponta Grossa in 1924 and the term coincides with the decrease in the volume of news about the women’s performance, in several social segments, in the aforementioned form. The theoretical reference is based mainly on the concept of representation of Roger Chartier and on some concepts coined by the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, as cultural and symbolic capital, habitus and field. This dissertation is organized in three chapters. At first, relations are discussed between the female gender, articulated some considerations about the origins of the newspaper “Diário dos Campos” – source of this research, encompassing aspects of education in Ponta Grossa, linked to the participation of women in this movement. The second chapter discusses the feminine patterns woven by the newspaper “Diário dos Campos” with more traditional content, expressed through the design of the ideal mother and wife of models, exemplary teacher and health worker / educator hygienist. In the third chapter presents three main positions that were adopted by women and found during this research, discussing new opportunities for actions for women, going beyond the activities related to home and later to teaching, understood as a suitable profession for women, then the cultural protagonism of women, evidenced by their participation in various artistic and cultural activities, such as theater, singing, literature, among others and, finally, the political participation of women, the right to vote by women. It can been that the representations of women and their education carried by the newspaper “Diário dos Campos” coincide with some precepts preached by the adherents of the First Republic, which were incumbent upon the woman of the care of the family and of being constituted as the teacher of the first letters, responsible for the well of the nation and its progress through the reduction of illiteracy. At the same time, there is a movement of women in search of new rights and new challenges, inserting themselves in environments traditionally occupied by men.