EDUCAÇÃO PARA O TRABALHO: A CRIAÇÃO DAS ESCOLAS TÉCNICAS NO PARANÁ (1900-1950)

Abstract

The present dissertation had as objective the historical reconstruction of the technical teaching scholastic institutions of the State in Paraná, created in the period of 1900 to 1950. To get to know the process of creation and installation of these institutions,became necessary primarily to comprehend the political, economical, social and educational changes that occurred in the Brazilian scenery in this period of history. It was about the change of the slave labor to the salaried labor, the transition of the imperial regime to the Republic, the coffee production and commerce and the arrival of the immigrants in Brazil. Accompanying such alterations was the expansion of the public education in Brazil, conducted by these changes. In Paraná, were created commercial institutes, technical schools, Apprentices Artifices School, schools of rural workers and fishing schools. Before the studied context, we seek to comprehend with this research which elements determine the creation and installation process of technical schools in the State of Paraná; to which necessities they came to respond; which is the public to be attended with these institutions; and which is the teaching offered by these schools. To handle the answer of this problematic, they were assigned as analysis categories: society, labor and education; with the aim of evidencing the relations of the studied object with the occurred alterations in the society at the referred historical context. To apprehend the real intentions of the State in creating technical schools in Paraná, the theoretical referential utilized was the historical materialism which enabled the comprehension of the economical, political and social reality present in Brazil, in the historical period studied. The research had a bibliographical documental character; the methodological procedure adopted was the lifting of the primary documental sources as records, Laws, decrees and regulations regarding of these institutions of technical teaching. To the access of these sources were visited the technical schools still in activity, the Public Archive of Paraná, the Public Library, the House of Memory, the municipal secretariats of education of the cities in which were installed the technical schools. The present study finds itself divided in three chapters: “The economical, political and social transformations in the republican Brazil and the professional teaching”, “The urban technical schools in the State of Paraná”, “The rural technical schools in the State of Paraná”. It concludes with the present study that the creations of technical schools in the State of Paraná was result of the process of internal economical development done by incentive of the Brazilian government, aiming the industrialization of the country and the modernization of agriculture. With the peroration of offering the education to the people, the State, by means of these institutions, aimed to prepare the labor force to the commerce, the industries, and the agriculture and thus answer to the interests of the capital. These institutions worked as shelter of minor and offered professional teaching to the labor class.