Os times de futebol após o descarrilamento: uma análise da gestão das agremiações ferroviárias brasileiras em atividade profissional

Abstract

In the second half of the 19th century, an intense migratory flow of foreigners to Brazil was established to work on the country's development. The arrival of immigrants, mainly English, along with their customs, beliefs and habits resulted in different social transformations, including sports, since football was brought to the country from places where it was already established. The widely developing Brazilian railway became the guiding principle for the practice to reach different locations, giving rise to more than a hundred clubs with genesis linked to railways. However, government practices during the 20th century gave preference to the road logistics system, causing the railway segment to decline and, consequently, the football clubs originating from it began to face difficulties. Therefore, the objective of the dissertation was to verify, from a managerial point of view, what the remaining Brazilian railway clubs do to remain active competing in professional competitions. To this end, the Scandinavian model was used, in which three interdependent articles were prepared with a view to responding to the general objective. The first article allows us to understand the main themes addressed by researchers about management in football clubs, while the second article aims to identify the economic, political and social scenario in Brazil between the 19th and 20th centuries and state the possible factors that favored the process of expansion of football from the railways. The third article seeks to identify the main sources of revenue for railway clubs in professional activity. The complexities of the categories identified in Article 1 provoke problematizations regarding two aspects present in Articles 2 and 3: the first in relation to the probable fragility of management of railway clubs that ceased to exist after the decline of the railway, the second in relation to the management strategies, which despite being studied differently in practice, are interconnected. Management weaknesses were identified regarding the transparency of financial data. Two clubs have their professional football management outsourced and the other two follow the limited liability company model. 12 different sources of revenue were identified and the sale of broadcasting rights for games was among the main revenues of 100% of the clubs analyzed. Operário Ferroviário Esporte Clube (PR) stood out in the exploration of sponsorships and fan partners, Botafogo Futebol Clube (SP) with revenues on game days, while Ituano Futebol Clube (SP) and Associação Ferroviária de Esportes (SP) stood out with the marketing of athletes. The research observed the existence of two groups of clubs - a) which have an extensive calendar; and b) that have a limited calendar – emerging the hypothesis that sources of revenue may vary according to the period in which clubs have games to play.