Plano diretor e processo participativo: um estudo comparativo sobre a participação social na construção da política urbana de municípios paranaenses

Abstract

The object of this research is the question of social participation in the construction of the Urban Policy of the municipalities, based on the review processes of their Master Plans. After the normative framework of the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the Statute of Cities (Federal Law 10.257/2001), the processes of elaboration and revision of the Master Plans must be mandatorily participatory, aiming mainly at the legitimization of this instrument, in accordance with the democratic principles that inform and base the entire constitutional order of the Brazilian State. Based on this same normative framework, the Master Plan becomes a basic instrument of urban development and expansion policy, and should be an integral part of the municipal planning process. Thus, the research aimed to characterize, based on a comparative methodology, the participatory processes in the revisions of the Master Plans of the municipalities of Ponta Grossa and Cascavel in Paraná, in order to investigate and compare how the municipal bodies responsible for the revision processes of these Master Plans in the period 2016-2022, time frame of the research, sought to implement social participation for the construction of local urban policy. In order to achieve the objectives proposed in this mixed descriptive-exploratory research, bibliographical and documental research instruments were adopted and, as an instrument of empirical research, the questionnaire. The documentary research turned to the analytical treatment of legislation and resolutions related to urban policy, at the federal and municipal levels, mainly the Statute of Cities and resolutions no. 15/2004, 25/2005 and 34/2005, all published by the National Council of Cities, as well as the official reports of the review processes of the master plans of each of the municipalities covered by the research. The questionnaire, applied to the general population of each of the municipalities, comprised four sections of open and closed questions related to the socio-economic profile of the respondents, the subjects' knowledge about urban policy and urban planning, the participatory profile of the respondents and the municipality they inhabit, and the subjects' participation in the process of revising the municipal master plan. The data and information collected through documentary research and the questionnaire were treated comparatively and, interpreted from the theoretical references about the social production of urban space, the social agents that produce the space, the local urban policy, the master plan as an instrument of urban policy and social participation, led to the conclusion that when the population of a given municipality presents a greater degree of reliability in the actions of the local public power, the participatory processes of revision of the master plans tend to present a greater number and greater diversity of agents. Likewise, it was verified that the territorial distribution of participatory moments (audiences, meetings and workshops) and the actions of dissemination/public information about the review processes may have a direct impact on the greater or lesser number of participants during the process, indicating, therefore, the greatest weaknesses in the promotion of popular participation by the local public authorities.