A Autodeterminação como Ideal Emancipatório na Sociedade Internacional Contemporânea

Abstract

The present thesis analyzes the theme of Self-Determination from an epistemic approach. The general objective of the work is to contribute to the epistemic understanding of Self-determination, presenting it as a social object with multiple forms of evocation, detached from the statist vision and evidencing its character as a force- idea for human emancipation. The thesis defended is that the original foundation of Self-determination is not tied to the statist and institutional paradigm and can be materialized in various ways and with distinct and alternative foundations from those advocated on the international level. Given the interdisciplinary nature of the work, the methodology used constituted fundamentally an analytical study, considering the philosophical canons and the contribution of Political Science, developed in the light of the dialectic method. The research was deepened from a bibliographical survey, as well as through indirect documental research derived from historical and political documents, institutional emanations from International Organizations and International Courts, such as Resolutions; Sentences and Advisory Opinions. Thus, the thesis is divided into five chapters. The first one analyzes the conceptual contours of the term Self-Determination, based on terminological and etymological elements, applied semantically or phenomenologically. The second chapter narrates the epistemic trajectory of self-determination, based on historical and philosophical-political categories. The third chapter reveals the transformation of the classical self- determination proposal into an institutional foundation linked to the concepts of state and nationality. The fourth chapter proposes a new look at the theme of self- determination from the crisis of the institutional model and the analysis of the state of knowledge on the subject. The fifth chapter brings the germ of the proposal of self- determination as an emancipatory institute for the individual as a subject of international society. As conclusions can be drawn that Self-determination in its complexity belongs, in essence, to individuals and not to States. The political interpretation that attributed to International Law the opportunity to affirm it, has enabled its epistemic denaturation.