REDE PUXIRÃO DE POVOS E COMUNIDADES TRADICIONAIS: POSSIBILIDADES DE DISPUTA DE HEGEMONIA POLÍTICA NO PARANÁ – ENTRE 2007/2015

Abstract

In Brazil, conflicts involving traditional peoples and communities date back to the period of colonization, considering the various ethnic groups and enslaved blacks. The political-economic options adopted in the development of capitalism in the country shaped, over time, a structural scenario marked by land concentration and dependence on external capital, sustaining high levels of social inequality and environmental impacts. This process also acted to annul the existence of the various peoples, their territories and traditional knowledge. The struggles for land, as an expression of the conflicts between social classes, added to the environmental agenda forged the traditional peoples and communities as one of the political subjects of the subaltern classes in the country. Articulated in social movements, these peoples place themselves in the scenario of disputes for hegemony, questioning the hegemonic model of capital. In line with the national context, in 2008, in Paraná, the Puxirão Network of Traditional Peoples and Communities was founded, a collective that brings together a diversity of ethnic social groups and a struggle for recognition, rights and public policies. With this, the general objective of this thesis is: to analyze the Puxirão Network of Traditional Peoples and Communities as a possibility of dispute of political hegemony in the relations with the State in Paraná, between 2007 and 2015. The following questions are encouraged by the Rede Puxirão de Are Traditional Peoples and Communities a social movement? Does this collective have a socio-political project? If yes, how did the construction of the same? 3. Will the Puxirão Network have the strength to compete for political hegemony in Paraná? The study, with an interdisciplinary nature, has a qualitative nature, counted on bibliographical and documentary researches, with systematic observation of semi-structured meetings and interviews (with representatives of the Network and state agents). The data were interpreted from the thematic content analysis. The thesis is organized in four chapters, the first two construct the conceptual framework of analysis, based on the Gramscian perspective, and present theoretical categories such as hegemony / against hegemony, state and civil society, class struggles, subaltern classes, social movements. The Brazilian scenario and the territorial disputes involving the fighting classes are also discussed in these chapters. The last two are in the empirical universe, through the experience of this Network and its relationship with the State. Data were interpreted through the following thematic categories of analysis - Weaving the Network: articulation of subaltern ethnic social groups in Paraná; In the "fight" we learn: a new look at the situation of subalternity experienced by ethnic social groups in Paraná; The "life" project and the "death" project: elements for the construction of a socio-political project against hegemonic; Relation with the State: some progress and much difficulty. In summary, the results of the research demonstrate that the Puxirão Network has contributed to the traditional peoples of Paraná being placed in an anti-hegemonic way in the field of political disputes, but today's conjuncture demands that their forms of mobilization be reinvented, strengthening their bases in society Occupy positions at the state level.