CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DE DIFERENTES CULTIVARES DE ARROZ COM AVALIAÇÃO TÉRMICA DOS AMIDOS

Abstract

The composition and physical properties vary with the rice cultivar. The knowledge of the physical properties of grain materials is useful for establishing appropriate mechanisms to operate any process promoting the best destination of each cultivar. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the physical characteristics and composition of four cultivars of rice (EPA, SCS, and IAS BRS) brown and polished. Significant differences (p <0.05) were observed in the physical properties of paddy, brown and milled rice. EPA, SCS and BRS cultivars have long-fine grains with high amylose (27.39 to 30.19%) and IAS has short grains with low amylose content (19.46%). At processing the biggest yield was the cultivar IAS (74.47%) and this genotype showed higher degree of polishing (10.43%). In chemical evaluations of brown rice, a significant difference (p <0.05) for both the polished rice as for brown rice was found, BRS cultivar showed higher protein content both in brown rice form (10.56%), as the polished (9.10%). In the process of polishing the composition of minerals and phytic acid were reduced, EPA cultivar had a bigger reduction (p <0.05) in the iron concentration (18.56 to 1.2μg/g), phosphorus (451.24 to 84.43 μg/g) and phytic acid (2.77 to 0.12 mg/g), but with lower losses for zinc (24.73 to 19.48 μg/g). When cooked in water, starch started to gain viscosity at same time. The relative degree of crystallinity (%) was higher in starches with higher amylose content, but not in the same proportion, so each cultivar has its particular characteristic. Micro images obtained through the NC-AFM showed no significant difference (p <0.05) in the diameter of the starch granules of different cultivars. The reflectance spectrophotometry showed that regarding the color of starch, there was no difference among cultivars for L *, WI, where there is a very light color. In relation to grains, there were lighter colors for polished in relation to brown kernels, what was also found for the respective flours. The information from this study may be useful in the design of post harvest machinery, for processing and storage structures in food processing industry based on the different cultivars of rice.